
ใ็งใซไผใใใใชใฃใใจใใฏใใใคใงใ้ใณใซๆฅใฆใญใใ
= ใใใใซใใใใใชใฃใใจใใฏใใใคใงใใใใณใซใใฆใญใ
= Watashi ni aitaku natta toki wa, itsudemo asobini kite ne.
= When you want to see me, feel free to come and visit anytime.
Hi everyone! Iโm your guest teacher, Doggo. I like teasing doggies on the street so I got this name. ๐ (BTW if your family members or friends ๐ถ๐บย want to be our guest teachers, please feel free to send their pictures.) โAbout Us
Today, we are going to study how to use ใจใ ( = toki).
First, the kanji for ใจใ ( = toki) is ๆ.
Though you see people use them both for both kanji and hiragana in daily writing, the basic rule for official documents or legal documents in Japanese is to use the kanji ๆ ( = ใจใ= toki) when you refer to the specific time, but when you discuss some situation/state or event, you would use ใจใ ( = toki) .
I will use hiragana in this lesson except for certain expressions in the last part of this lesson.
โญ๏ธHow to form:
๐ธWith Verbs
* dictionary form + ใจใ ( = toki)
่กใ= ใใ = iku =ย to go
โ่กใใจใ = ใใใจใ = iku toki
(negative form)
่กใใชใใจใ = ใใใชใใจใ = ikanai toki
(past tense)
่กใฃใ = ใใฃใ = went
โ่กใฃใใจใ = ใใฃใใจใ = itta toki
(negative form)
่กใใชใใฃใใจใ = ใใใชใใฃใใจใ = ikanakatta toki
๐นYou can use this form with auxiliary verbs, verbs in passive form, causative form, potential form, progressive form, honorific form, etc.ย
I will just give you a few examples here, I but will try to show you many example sentences.
* Vใใ
่ฆใใ = ใฟใใ = mitai = want to see
โ่ฆใใใจใย = ใฟใใใจใ = mitaitoki
(negative form)
่ฆใใใชใใจใ = ใฟใใใชใใจใ = mitakunai toki
(past tense)ย
่ฆใใใฃใ = ใฟใใใฃใ = wanted to see
โ่ฆใใใฃใใจใ = ใฟใใใฃใใจใ = mitakatta toki
(negative form)
่ฆใใใชใใฃใใจใ = ใฟใใใชใใฃใใจใ = mitakunakatta toki
*Causative passive form
่ชญใพใใใ = ใใพใใใ = yomasareru = to be made to read
โ่ชญใพใใใใจใ = ใใพใใใใจใย = yomasareru toki
(past tense)
่ชญใพใใใใจใ = ใใพใใใใจใ = yomasareta toki
* progressive form
่กใฃใฆใใ = ใใฃใฆใใ = itteiru =ย to be going
โ่กใฃใฆใใใจใ = ใใฃใฆใใใจใ = itteiru toki
(past tense)
่กใฃใฆใใ = ใใฃใฆใใย = itteita
โ่กใฃใฆใใใจใ = ใใฃใฆใใใจใ = itte ita toki = was going/used to go
๐ธWith Adjectives
* i-adjective
่ฅใ = ใใใ = wakai = young
โ่ฅใใจใ= ใใใใจใ = wakai toki
(past tense)
่ฅใใฃใ = ใใใใฃใ = wakakatta =ย was/were young
โ่ฅใใฃใใจใ = ใใใใฃใใจใ = wakakatta toki
* na-adjective
ๅ ๆฐใช = ใใใใช = genkina = to be healthy, cheerful
โๅ ๆฐใชใจใ = ใใใใชใจใ = genkina toki
(negative form)
โๅ ๆฐใงใฏใชใใจใ = ใใใใงใฏใชใใจใ = genki dewa nai tokiย
(casual) ๅ ๆฐใใใชใใจใ = ใใใใใใชใใจใ = genkijanai toki
(past tense)
ๅ ๆฐใ ใฃใ = ใใใใ ใฃใ = genkidatta = was/were healthy, cheerful
โๅ ๆฐใ ใฃใใจใ = ใใใใ ใฃใใจใ = genkidatta toki =
(negative form)
โๅ ๆฐใงใฏใชใใฃใใจใ = ใใใใงใฏใชใใฃใใจใ = genki dewa nakatta toki
(casual) ๅ ๆฐใใใชใใฃใใจใ = ใใใใใใชใใฃใใจใ = genkija nakatta toki
๐ธWith a noun
Noun + ใฎย ( = no)ย + ใจใ ( = toki)
ๆฐๅ = ใใถใ = kibu =ย mood
โๆฐๅใฎใจใ =ใใถใใฎใจใย = kibun no toki
(negative form)
ๆฐๅใงใฏใชใใจใ = ใใถใใงใฏใชใใจใ = kibun dewa nai tokiย
(casual) ๆฐๅใใใชใใจใ = ใใถใใใใชใใจใ = kibunja nai toki
(past tense)
Noun + ใ ใฃใ ( = datta ) + ใจใ ( = toki)
ๆฐๅใ ใฃใใจใ = ใใถใใ ใฃใใจใ = kibun datta toki
(negative form)
ๆฐๅใงใฏใชใใฃใใจใ = ใใถใใงใฏใชใใฃใใจใ = kibun dewa nakatta toki/
(casual)
ๆฐๅใใใชใใฃใใจใ = ใใถใใใใชใใฃใใจใ = kibunja ankatta toki
โญ๏ธHow to use ใจใ ( = toki)
Basically ใจใ ( = toki) means โwhenโ / โthe timeโ and express
โโWhen someone does / did something / something happens / happened + what will happen/ what happened / what one will do/does/didโ
๐ธใจใ ( = toki)ย / ใจใใซ ( = toki ni ) / ใจใใฏ ( = toki wa)ย / ใจใใซใฏ ( = toki niwa) :
* ใจใใซ ( = toki ni) :
Ex. ้ป่ฉฑใใใใฃใฆใใใจใ่ท็ฉใใใใ
= ใงใใใใใใฃใฆใใใจใใซใใคใใใใ
= Denwa ga kakatte kita toki nimotsu ga kita.
= When the phone rang, the package arrived.
When you emphasize the specific time, you use ใซ ( = ni) .
ใจใใซ ( = tokini ) at the time when
โ ้ป่ฉฑใใใใฃใฆใใใจใใซ่ท็ฉใใใใ
= ใงใใใใใใฃใฆใใใจใใซใซใใคใใใใ
= Denwa ga kakatte kita toki ni nimotsu ga kita.
= When the phone rang, the package arrived.
(Emphasizing the time when the phone rang more than just ใจใ ( = toki) )
* ใจใใฏ ( = toki wa):
(1) When you bring up a specific time (or case) as a topic, use it with ใฏ.
ใจใใฏ ( = toki wa)= when ~ / as for the time when ~
Ex. ๆฅๆฌใซใใใจใใฏใไฝใใใฆใใใฎ๏ผ(casual)
= ใซใปใใซใใใจใใฏใใชใซใใใฆใใใฎ๏ผ
= Nihon ni ita toki wa, nani wo shite ita no?
= What were you doing when you were in Japan?
(Introducing a topic: As for the time when you were in Japan)
Note: You can use this with the honorific form as well.
ๆฅๆฌใซใใใฃใใใฃใใจใใฏใไฝใใใใฆใใใฎใงใใ๏ผ(polite)
= ใซใปใใซใใใฃใใใฃใใจใใฏใใชใซใใใใฆใใใฎใงใใ๏ผ
= Nihon ni irasshatta toki wa, nani wo sarete itano desu ka?
= What were you doing when you were in Japan?
(2) When you want to show the contrast between two different time periods, you also use ใจใใฏ ( = tokiwa)
Ex. ไปใฏใใจใณใธใใขใฎไปไบใใใฆใใใใฉใๆฅๆฌใซใใใจใใฏใไฝใใใฆใใใฎ๏ผ
= ใใพใฏใใจใณใธใใขใฎใใใจใใใฆใใใใฉใใซใปใใซใใใจใใฏใใชใซใใใฆใใใฎ? (casual)
= Ima wa, enjinia no shigoto wo shiteiru kedo, nihon ni ita toki wa, nani wo shiteita no?
= Youโre currently working as an engineer, but what were you doing when you were in Japan?
(Showing the contrast: the present time vs. the time when the listener was in
Japan.)
- ใจใใซใฏ ( = toki niwa): In the particular time when ~ (emphasizing when something happens/happened) /ย by the time when ~
Ex. ๅคฑๆใใใจใใซใฏๅ้ใซ่ฉฑใใๆนใๆฐใๆฅฝใซใชใใพใใ
= ใใคใใใใใจใใซใฏใจใใ ใกใซใฏใชใใใปใใใใใใใซใชใใพใใ
= Shitsuren shita toki niwa tomodachi ni hanashita hou ga ki ga raku ni narimasu.
= When you have a broken heart, talking to friends makes you feel better.
You often use ใจใใซใฏ ( = tokiniwa)ย when something is too late or something is completed by the time when ~.
Ex. ็ฉบๆธฏใซ็ใใใจใใซใฏใใใ้ฃ่กๆฉใฏๅบใฆใใพใฃใฆใใใ
= ใใใใใซใคใใใจใใซใฏใใใใฒใใใใฏใงใฆใใพใฃใฆใใใ
= Kuukou ni tsuita toki niwa, mou hikouki wa dete shimatte ita.
= When I arrived at the airport, the plane had already taken off.
(As for the time when I arrived at the airport, ~)
Note: ๆใซใฏ = ใจใใซใฏ ( = toki niwa)ย also means โsometimesโ. I will explain this use later in this lesson.)
๐ธ Subject of the sentenceย ~ ใจใ ( = toki) (S1) , (S2) :
The subject of the first sentence with ใจใ ( = toki)(S1)ย and the subject in the following sentence (S2) can be the same or different.ย
โA + ใจใ ( = toki) (S1) + A ย (S2)ย
or โA + ใจใ ( = toki) (S1) + B (S2)
A (S1) + A (S2)ย (the same subject)
Ex. ็งใๅญฆ็ใ ใฃใใจใใฏใๆฏๆฅๅณๆธ้คจใงๅๅผทใใฆใใใ
= ใใใใใใใใใ ใฃใใจใใฏใใพใใซใกใจใใใใใงในใใใใใใฆใใใ
= Watashi ga gakusei datta toki wa, mainichi toshokan de benkyou shiteita.
= When I was a student, I used to study at the library every day.
The subject of S1 and S2 is ็ง = ใใใ = I
A (S1) + B(S2) (different subject)
Ex. ๆฏใๆฉๅซใใใใจใใฏใ็ถใๆฉๅซใใใใ
= ใฏใฏใใใใใใใใจใใฏใใกใกใใใใใใใใ
= Haha ga kigen ga ii toki wa, chichi mo kigen ga ii.
= When my mother is in a good mood, my father is also in a good mood.
The subject of S1 = ๆฏ = ใฏใฏ = haha =ย my mother
The subject of S2 = ็ถ = ใกใก = chichi = my father
๐ธThe tense of verb/adjective/noun before ใจใ ( = toki).
1) The cases when you can use both present tense and past tense with ใจใ( = toki):
When you are talking about the state of something/someone or when you use a progressive tense or ใใ ( = iru ) to be, there is, you can use either present tense or past tense, and the tense you use doesnโt change the meaning.
(state)
Ex. ๅใ้ซใใจใใฏ/้ซใใฃใใจใใฏใใใๆตทๅคๆ ่กใซ่กใฃใใ
= ใใใใใใใจใใฏ/ใใใใฃใใจใใฏใใใใใใใใใใใใซใใฃใใ
= En ga takai toki wa/takakatta toki wa, yoku kaigairyokou ni itta.
= When the yen was strong, I used to go on overseas trips frequently.
Ex. ๅญฆ็ใฎใจใใฏ/ๅญฆ็ใ ใฃใใจใใฏใใ้ใใชใใฆใใคใใฐใใใใฆใใใ
= ใใใใใฎใจใใฏ/ใใใใใ ใฃใใจใใฏใใใใญใใชใใฆใใคใใฐใใใใฆใใใ
= Gakusei no toki wa /Gakusei datta toki wa, okane ga nakute baito bakari shite ita.
= When I was a student, I didnโt have much money, so I was always working part-time jobs.
Ex. ่ฅใใจใใฏ/่ฅใใฃใใจใใฏใใฉใใ ใ้ฃในใฆใๅคชใใชใใฃใใ
= ใใใใจใใฏ/ใใใใฃใใจใใฏใใฉใใ ใใในใฆใใตใจใใชใใฃใใ
= Wakai toki wa/Wakakattta toki wa, doredake tabetemo futoranakatta.
= When I was young, no matter how much I ate, I didnโt gain weight.
Ex. ๆฅๆฌ่ชใใใใใชใใจใใฏ/ใใใใชใใฃใใจใใฏใใใฎใผๅ ็ใซ่ณชๅใใใ
= ใซใปใใใใใใใชใใจใใฏ/ใใใใชใใฃใใจใใฏใใใฎใผใใใใใซใใคใใใใใ
= Nihongo ga wakaranai toki wa/wakaranakatta toki wa, Maggie Sensei ni shitsumon shita.
= When I didnโt understand Japanese/didnโt understand Japanese, I asked Maggie-sensei.
(progressive form)
Ex. ๅค้ฃใไฝใฃใฆใใใจใใซ/ไฝใฃใฆใใใจใใซ่ชฐใใ็้ขใฎใใฃใคใ ใ้ณดใใใใ
= ใใใใใใใคใใฃใฆใใใจใใซ/ใคใใฃใฆใใใจใใซใ ใใใใใใใใฎใใฃใคใ ใใชใใใใ
= Yuushoku wo tsukutte iru toki ni/tsukutte ita toki ni dareka ga genkan no chaimu wo narashita.
= When I was preparing dinner, someone rang the doorbell.
Ex. ็งใ่ฉฆ้จๅๅผทใงใใใฐใฃใฆใใใจใ/ใใใจใใๅฝผใฏใๅฎถใงใฐใผใฐใผๅฏใฆใใใ
= ใใใใใใใในใใใใใงใใใฐใฃใฆใใใจใ/ใใใจใใใใใฏใใใงใฐใผใฐใผใญใฆใใใ
= Watashi ga shikenbenkyou de ganbatte iru toki/ ita toki, kare wa ie de guuguu neteita.
= While I was working hard on exam preparation, he was sound asleep at home.
(verb ใใ = iru = to be/stay)
Ex. ใใฎๅญใฏใ่ฆชใไธ็ทใซใใ/ใใใจใใฏๆฉๅซใใใใฃใใฎใซ่ฆชใใใชใใชใฃใ้็ซฏใซๆณฃใๅงใใใ
= ใใฎใใฏใใใใใใฃใใใซใใใจใใฏ/ใใใจใใฏใใใใใใใฃใใฎใซใใใใใชใใชใฃใใจใใใซใชใใฏใใใใ
= Sono ko wa, oya ga issho ni iru toki wa/ita toki wa kigen ga yokatta noni oya ga inaku natta totan ni nakihajimeta.
= That child was in a good mood when he/she was with his/her parents, but the moment the parents were no longer there, he/she started crying.
2) When the verb before ใจใ is a movement verb (Ex. ๅธฐใ = ใใใ = to return, go home, ่กใ = ใใ ( = iku) to go, ๆฅใ = ใใ ( = kuru) to come, etc) or an action verb, the meaning of the sentence changes depending on whether the verb before โใจใ ( = toki)โ is in the past or present tense.
(present tense)
Ex. ๅฎถใซๅธฐใใจใใซ้จใ้ใฃใฆใใ
= ใใใซใใใใจใใซใใใใตใฃใฆใใ
= Ie ni kaeru toki ni ame ga futte ita.
= It was raining on my way home.
Note: In this case, ๅธฐใ = ใใใ ( = kaeru)ย = going home in this sentence is an on-going action and you havenโt arrived home yet.
If you use the past tense with ใจใ ( = toki), it implies the action is completed and you are home.
(past tense)
Ex. ๅฎถใซๅธฐใฃใใจใใซ้จใ้ใๅงใใใ
= ใใใซใใใฃใใจใใซใใใใตใใฏใใใใ
= Ie ni kaetta toki ni ame ga furihajimeta.
= When I got home, it started to rain.
(present tense)
Ex. ๆฅๆฌใซๆฅใใจใใฏ้ฃ็ตกใใฆใญใ
= ใซใปใใซใใใจใใฏใใใใใใฆใญใ
= Nihon ni kuru toki wa renraku shite ne.
= Please let me know when you are coming to Japan.
Note: You want the person to contact you before they come to Japan.
(past tense)
Ex. ๆฅๆฌใซๆฅใใจใใฏ้ฃ็ตกใใฆใญใ
= ใซใปใใซใใใจใใฏใใใใใใฆใญใ
= Nihon ni kita toki wa renraku shite ne.
= Please let me know when you get to Japan.
Note: You want the person to contact you once they have already arrived in Japan.
(present tense)
Ex. ไปๅบฆใๆฅๆฌใซ่กใใจใใฏใใใใใซใไบ็ดใใพใใ
= ใใใฉใใซใปใใซใใใจใใฏใใใใใซใใใใใใพใใ
= Kondo, nihon ni iku toki wa ii hoteru wo yoyaku shimasu.
= When I go to Japan the next time, I will book a good hotel
Note: You are talking about booking the hotel before you go to Japan.
(past tense)
Ex. ๆฅๆฌใซ่กใฃใใจใใฏ็พๅณใใใฉใผใกใณใ้ฃในใใใ
= ใซใปใใซใใฃใใจใใฏใใใใใฉใผใกใณใใในใใใ
= Nihon ni itta toki wa oishii raamen wo tabetai.
= When I go to Japan, I would like to eat delicious ramen.
Note: You are talking about what you want to do after you get to Japan.
(present tense)
Ex. ๅฎถใๅบใใจใใซๅใๆใฃใฆใใใฎใๅฟใใชใใงใ
= ใใใใงใใจใใซใใใใใฃใฆใใใฎใใใใใชใใงใ
= Ie wo deru toki ni kasa wo motte iku no wo wasurenai de.
= Donโt forget to take an umbrella with you when you leave the house.
Note: Talking about the time before you leave the house.
(past tense)
Ex. ๅฎถใๅบใใจใใซๅใๅฟใใใใจใซๆฐใใคใใใ
= ใใใใงใใจใใซใใใใใใใใใจใซใใใคใใใ
= Ie wo deta toki ni kasa wo wasureta koto ni ki ga tsuita.
= I realized I had forgotten the umbrella when I left the house.
Note: Talking about the time after you left the house
Ex. ๅญฆๆ กใซ็ใใใจใใๆๆฅญใฏใใ็ตใใฃใฆใใใ
= ใใฃใใใซใคใใใจใใใใ ใใใใฏใใใใใฃใฆใใใ
= Gakkou ni tsuita toki, jugyou wa mou owatte ita.
= When I arrived at school, the class was already over.
(X ็ใใจใ = ใคใใจใ = tsuku toki) wrong
********
Letโs see more examples with ใจใ ( = toki)
๐นTalking about conditions / Talking about what you do/did/are going to do when you are/were in a certain situation/state.
Ex. ใ้ ใ้ฃฒใใงใใใจใใฏใชใใชใ็ ใใชใใ
= ใใใใใฎใใงใใใจใใฏใชใใชใใญใใใชใใ
= Osake wo nonde iru toki wa nakanaka nemurenai.
= When I drank alcohol, I couldnโt sleep easily.
(Talking about oneโs state after drinking alcohol.)
Ex. ๅฝผๅฅณใจใใใจใใฏๅนธใใ ใ
= ใใฎใใใจใใใจใใฏใใใใใ ใ
= Kanojo to iru toki wa shiawase da.
= When I am with her, I am happy.
Ex. ใ้ใใชใใจใใฏใๆผใใฏใใๆใใพใใ
= ใใใญใใชใใจใใฏใใฒใใใฏใใใฌใใพใใ
= Okane ga nai toki wa, hirugohan wo nukimasu.
= When I donโt have money, I (will) skip lunch.
Ex. ๆใชใจใใฏใ้ป่ฉฑใใใใ(casual)
= ใฒใพใชใจใใฏใใงใใใใใใ
= Himana toki wa, denwa suru yo.
= I will give you a call when I am free and have nothing to do.
Ex. ใ่ นใใใใใจใใฏใใใฎใใณ้ฃในใฆใใใใใญใ(casual)
= ใใชใใใใใใจใใฏใใใฎใใณใในใฆใใใใใญใ
= Onaka ga suita toki wa, kono pan tabete ii kara ne.
= You can eat this bread when you are hungry, OK?
๐น Talking about simultaneous actions/ two actions or events happening at the same time. / While ~, something happens/happened, someone does/did something
Ex. ็งใฎ็ซใฏใ็งใๅฏใฆใใใจใใฏใ่ถณๅ ใซๆฅใฆไธ็ทใซๅฏใฆใใใใ
= ใใใใฎใญใใฏใใใใใใญใฆใใใจใใฏใใใใใจใซใใฆใใฃใใใซใญใฆใใใใ
= Watshi no neko wa, watashi ga nete iru toki wa, ashimoto ni kite issho ni nete kureru.
= My cat comes to my feet and sleeps with me when Iโm sleeping.
Ex. ๅค้ฃใไฝใฃใฆใใใจใใซๅ้ปใใใฃใใ
= ใใใใใใใคใใฃใฆใใใจใใซใฆใใงใใใใฃใใ
= Yuushoku wo tsukutte iru toki ni teiden wa atta.
= There was a power outage when I was preparing dinner.
Ex. ใจใขใณใณใฎในใคใใใๅ ฅใใใจใใซๅคใช้ณใใใใ
= ใจใขใณใณใฎในใคใใใใใใใจใใซใธใใชใใจใใใใ
= Eakon no suicchi wo ireta toki ni henna oto ga shita.
= I heard a strange noise (A strange noise occurred) when I turned on the air conditioner.
๐นTalking about oneโs habits: Whenever ~ + making a habit of doing something
Ex. ๅใ็ใใจใใ็ๅงๆนฏใ้ฃฒใใจๆฅฝใซใชใใ
= ใฎใฉใใใใใจใใใใใใใใใฎใใจใใใซใชใใ
= Nodo ga itai toki, shougayu wo nomu to raku ni naru.
= When I have a sore throat, drinking ginger tea eases the discomfort.
Ex. ่ฝใก่พผใใ ใจใใฏใใใฎๆฒใ่ดใใจๅ ๆฐใซใชใใ
= ใใกใใใ ใจใใฏใใใฎใใใใใใใจใใใใซใชใใ
= Ochikonda toki wa, kono kyoku wo kiku to genki ni naru.
= When Iโm feeling down, listening to this song cheers me up.
Ex. ๅคง้ชใซ่กใฃใใจใใฏใใคใไธฒใซใใ้ฃในใซ่กใใ
= ใใใใใซใใฃใใจใใฏใใคใใใใซใใใในใซใใใ
= Oosaka ni itta toki wa, itsumo kushikatsu wo tabeni iku.
= Whenever I go to Osaka, I always go to eat kushikatsu.

Ex. ๆใใฏใใ้ฃในใๆใฏใใใฅใผในใ่ฆณใพใใ
= ใใใใฏใใใในใใจใใฏใใใฅใผในใใฟใพใใ
= Asagohan wo taberu toki wa, nyuusu wo mimasu.
= When I have breakfast, I watch the news.
Ex. ๅฝผใฏใใคใใใผใใฎใจใใซ้ ใใฆใใใ
= ใใใฏใใคใใใผใใฎใจใใซใใใใฆใใใ
= Kare wa itsumo deeto no toki ni okurete kuru.
= Heโs always late to his dates.
๏ผTalking about oneโs habits in the past.:
Ex. ใใฎใ่ๅญใๅญไพใฎใจใใซใใ้ฃในใใใ(casual)
= ใใฎใใใใใใฉใใฎใจใใซใใใในใใใ
= Sono okashi, kodomo no toki ni yoku tabeta yo.
= I used to eat that snack a lot when I was a child.
Note: You can also use ้ = ใใ ( = koro)ย instead of ใจใ ( = toki)
้ = ใใ ( = koro)ย = around the time of ~ . ้ = ใใ ( = koro)ย is more vague and refers to a general time.
โๅญไพใฎ้ = ใใฉใใฎใใ = kodomo no koro = oneโs childhood
Ex. ๆๆฅๆใฎๆใฏใๅฅฝใใชๅญใ่ฆใใ ใใงใฉใใฉใใใใใฎใ ใ
= ใใใ ใใใฎใจใใฏใใใใชใใใฟใใ ใใงใฉใใฉใใใใใฎใ ใ
= Shishunki no toki wa, sukina ko wo mita dake de dokidoki shita mono da.
= In my adolescence, just seeing the person I had a crush on would make my heart race.
Ex. ๆฑไบฌใซไฝใใงใใๆใซใๆฏ้ฑๆซใ็ง่ๅใซ่กใฃใฆใใใ
= ใจใใใใใซใใใงใใใจใใซใใพใใใ ใใพใคใใใใฏใฐใใซใใฃใฆใใใ
= Toukyou ni sunde ita toki ni, maichuumastsu, Akihabara ni itteita.
= When I lived in Tokyo, I used to go to Akihabara every weekend.
๐นTalking about a specific time/time period:
Ex. ๅฝผใใ็ตต่ๆธใๅใๅใฃใใจใใจใฆใๅฌใใใฃใใ
= ใใใใใใฏใใใใใใจใฃใใจใใจใฆใใใใใใฃใใ
= Kare kara ehagaki wo uketotta toki totemo ureshikatta.
= I was really happy when I received a postcard from him.
Ex. ใใฎไบบใฏใๆฏๅญใ่ปขใใ ใจใใซใใใซๅฉใใฆใใใใ
= ใใฎใฒใจใฏใใใใใใใใใ ใจใใซใใใซใใใใฆใใใใ
= Sono hito wa, musuko ga koronda toki ni sugu ni tasukete kureta.
= That person immediately helped my son when he fell.
Ex. ๅฐ้ใ่ตทใใใจใใใฉใใซใใพใใใ๏ผ
= ใใใใใใใใจใใใฉใใซใใพใใใ๏ผ
= Jishin ga okita toki, doko ni imashita ka?
= Where were you when the earthquake hit?
Ex. ๆฅๆฌใซๆฅใฆใใกใใฅใผใ่ชญใใใจใใซๅใใฆๆฅๆฌ่ชใๅๅผทใใฆใใใฃใใจๆใฃใใ
= ใซใปใใซใใฆใใกใใฅใผใใใใใจใใซใฏใใใฆใซใปใใใในใใใใใใฆใใใฃใใจใใใฃใใ
= Nihon ni kite, menyuu ga yometa toki ni hajimete nihongo wo benkyou shite yokatta to omotta.
= When I came to Japan and was able to read menus, thatโs when I first thought it was good that I had studied Japanese.
Ex. ๅ้ใจใฎๅพ ใกๅใใใฎๆ้ใฏ1ๆใ ใฃใใจๆฐใใคใใใจใใฏใใ้ ใใฃใใ
= ใจใใ ใกใจใฎใพใกใใใใฎใใใใฏใใกใใ ใฃใใจใใใคใใใจใใฏใใใใใใฃใใ
= Tomodachi no machiawase no jikan wa ichiji datta to kigatsuita toki wa mou osokatta.
= When I realized the meeting time with my friend(s) was 1 oโclock, it was already too late.
๐นGiving advice/suggestion/warning: In case of ~/ When something happens + what do to/what not to do
Ex. ๅ ทๅใๆชใใชใฃใใจใใฏใๅผใณๅบใใใฟใณใๆผใใฆใใ ใใใ
= ใใใใใใใใชใฃใใจใใฏใใใณใ ใใใฟใณใใใใฆใใ ใใใ
= Gutai ga waruku natta toki wa, yobidashi botan wo oshite kudasai.
= When you feel unwell, please press the call button.
Ex. ไฝใใใฃใใจใใซใฏใใใใซ้งใใคใใพใใ
= ใชใซใใใฃใใจใใซใฏใใใใซใใใคใใพใใ
= Nani ka atta toki niwa, sugu ni kaketsukemasu.
= When something happens to you/If something happens to you, I will come immediately.
Ex. ็ฒใใใจใใฏใๅฏใใฎใไธ็ชใงใใ
= ใคใใใใจใใฏใใญใใฎใใใกใฐใใงใใ
= Tsukareta toki wa, neru no ga ichiban desu.
= When youโre tired, the best thing to do is to sleep.
Ex. ็ทๆฅใฎใจใ*ใฏใใใกใใซใ้ป่ฉฑใใ ใใใ
= ใใใใ ใใฎใจใใฏใใใกใใซใใงใใใใ ใใใ
= Kinkyuu no toki wa, kochira ni odenwa kudasai.
= In case of an emergency, please call this number.
(You can also say ็ทๆฅๆ = ใใใใ ใใ = kinkyuuji )
Ex. ๆฐๆใกใๆชใใจใใฏๆจชใซใชใฃใๆนใใใใ
= ใใใกใใใใใจใใฏใใใซใชใฃใใปใใใใใ
= Kimochi ga warui toki wa yoko ni natta hou ga ii.
= When you feel sick, you should lie down.
Ex. ่พใใจใใฏ้ ผใฃใฆใใใใ ใใ
= ใคใใใจใใฏใใใฃใฆใใใใ ใใ
= Tsurai toki wa tayotte iindayo.
= Itโs okay to rely on me when youโre going through a tough time, OK?
Ex. ใใฌใใ่ฆใใจใใฏใ็ฎใซๆชใใใ๏ผใกใผใใซไปฅไธ้ขใใฆ่ฆใๆนใใใใใ
= ใใฌใใใฟใใจใใฏใใใซใใใใใใใกใกใผใใซใใใใใฏใชใใฆใฟใใปใใใใใใ
= Terebi wo miru toki wa, me ni warui kara ichimeetoru ijou wa hanareta mita hou ga ii yo.
= When watching TV, itโs better to watch from a distance of more than one meter because itโs bad for your eyes.
Ex. ใใฝใณใณใ้ ใใชใฃใใจใใฏใใญใฃใใทใฅใๆถๅปใใใปใใใใใ
= ใใฝใณใณใใใใใชใฃใใจใใฏใใญใฃใใทใฅใใใใใใใใใปใใใใใ
= Pasokon ga osoku natta toki wa, kyasshu wo shoukyo shita hou ga ii.
= When your computer becomes slow, itโs a good idea to clear the cache.
Ex. ่ตคใใฉใณใใใคใใใจใใฏใ้ปๆฑ ใๅใๆฟใใฆใใ ใใใ
= ใใใใฉใณใใใคใใใจใใฏใใงใใกใใจใใใใฆใใ ใใใ
= Akai ranpu ga tsuita toki wa, denchi wo torikaete kudasai.
= When the red light is on, please replace the battery.
Ex. ๅฐใฃใๆใฏใไบใๆง (Saying)
= ใใพใฃใใจใใฏใใใใใใพ
= Komatta toki wa otagai sama.
= We help each other in times of trouble/Itโs a mutual thing when weโre in trouble./I scratch your back if you scratch my back.
๐ธใจใใ = emphasizing a topic/ when ~ + feelings (talking about how you feel about the time)
Ex. ใคใใซๅฝผใจใฎๅฅใใฎใจใใใใใ
= ใคใใซใใใจใฎใใใใฎใจใใใใใ
= Tsui ni kare tono wakare no toki ga kita.
= At last, the time for parting with him has come.
Ex. ใใฎใผใจใใใจใใไธ็ชๅนธใใ ใ
= ใใฎใผใจใใใจใใใใกใฐใใใใใใ ใ
= Maggie to iru toki ga ichiban shiawase da.
= I am the happiest when I am with you, Maggie.
Ex. ๅ้ใจใใใใใชใ่ฉฑใใใฆใใใจใใไธ็ชๆฅฝใใใ
= ใจใใ ใกใจใใใใใชใใฏใชใใใใฆใใใจใใใใกใฐใใใฎใใใ
= Tomodachi to tawaimo nai hanashi wo shiteiru toki ga ichiban tanoshii.
= I enjoy the most when Iโm having trivial conversations with friends.
๐ธใจใใใ ( = toki kara)ย since ~ , from the time ~ / ใจใใพใง ( = toki made) = until ~ ,up to the time ~
Ex. ๏ผๆญณใฎใจใใใใใขใใ็ฟใฃใฆใใพใใ
= ใใใใฎใจใใใใใขใใใชใใฃใฆใใพใใ
= Gosai no toki kara piano wo naratte imasu.
= I have been taking piano lessons since I was five years old.
Ex. ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ็ใพใใใจใใใ่ฆๅดใใใใใจใใชใใ
= ใใฎใใใฏใใใพใใใจใใใใใใใใใใใจใใชใใ
= Kanojo wa, umareta toki kara kurou wo shita koto ga nai.
= She has never experienced hardship since the day she was born.
Ex. ไน่ปๅธใฏใ้ใใใจใใพใงใชใใใชใใใใซใใฆใใ ใใใ
= ใใใใใใใใฏใใใใใจใใพใงใชใใใชใใใใซใใฆใใ ใใใ
= Joushaken wa, oriru toki made nakusanai you ni shite kudasai.
= Please make sure to hold on to your ticket until you get off.
๐ธใจใใย ( = toki mo) = when ~ also, anytime, even when
Ex. ใณใณใใใฏใๆฅๆๆฅใซ่ท็ฉใๅบใใใใจใใไฝฟใใใ
= ใณใณใใใฏใใซใกใใใณใซใซใใคใใ ใใใใจใใใคใใใใ
= Konbini wa, nichiyoubi ni nimotsu wo dashitai toki mo tsukaeru.
= Convenience stores can also be used when you want to send a package on
Sundays.
Ex. ๅๆฏใฏใ็งใ้ซๆ กใๅๆฅญใใใจใใใใใใช่ฑใ่ดใฃใฆใใใใ
= ใใฐใฏใใใใใใใใใใใใคใใใใใใจใใใใใใชใฏใชใใใใฃใฆใใใใ
= Oba wa, watashi ga koukou wo sotsugyou shita toki mo kireina hana wo
okutte kureta.
= My aunt gave me beautiful flowers even when I graduated from high school.
Ex. ็ถใฏใฉใใชใจใใ็งใฎๅณๆนใ ใฃใใ
= ใกใกใฏใฉใใชใจใใใใใใฎใฟใใใ ใฃใใ
= Chichi wa donna toki mo watashi no mikata datta.
= My father was always on my side, no matter the circumstances.
๐ธใจใใงใ ( = toki demo)ย even when, even in the case of, no matter what
Ex. ใฉใใชใจใใงใ็งใๆฏใใฆใใใฆใใใใจใใ
= ใฉใใชใจใใงใใใใใใใใใฆใใใฆใใใใจใใ
= Donna toki demo watashi wo sasaete kurete arigatou.
= Thanks for always being there for me.
Ex. ๅงใฏใ่ชๅใ็ตๆธ็ใซ่ฆใใๆใงใๅฉใใฆใใใใ
= ใใญใฏใใใถใใใใใใใฆใใซใใใใใจใใงใใใใใฆใใใใ
= Ane wa, jibun ga keizaiteki ni kurushii toki demo tasukete kureta.
= My big sister helped me even when she was financially struggling.
๐ธใจใใใ = (one should do something ) especially the time when ~
Ex. ๆใใจใใใใๆธฉใใใใฎใ้ฃฒใใ ๆนใใใใใใใ
= ใใคใใจใใใใใใใใใใใฎใใฎใใ ใปใใใใใใใใ
= Atsui toki koso, atatakai mono wo nonda hou ga ii.
=They say you should drink warm things, especially when itโs hot.
Ex. ่ฆใใใจใใใใใใฐใใ
= ใใใใใจใใใใใใฐใใใ
= Kurushii toki koso ganbareru.
= When itโs tough, thatโs when you can push yourself.
Check my ใใ ( = koso)ย lesson to learn more: Click here.
๐ธใจใใซ้ใฃใฆย = ใจใใซใใใฃใฆ ( = toki ni kagitte) = only when/ whenever
Ex. ๅฟใใใจใใซ้ใฃใฆๅ้ใ้ใณใซใใใ
= ใใใใใใจใใซใใใฃใฆใจใใ ใกใใใใณใซใใใ
= Isogashii toki ni kagitte tomodachi ga asobini kuru.
= My friends come over whenever I am busy. (They donโt usually come over
but they only come when I am busy.
Check: How to use ้ใย = ใใใ ( = kagiru) lesson: Click here
โญ๏ธOther expressions with ๆ = ใจใย ( = toki)
๐นWith demonstrative adjectives
*ใใฎ ( = kono) /ใใฎ ( = sono) /ใใฎ ( = ano)ย + ๆ /ใจใ ( = toki) = this/that/ *that time (*referring to a time more distant)
* ใใใช ( = konna) /ใใใช ( = sonna) /ใใใช ( = anna) *
= ใใใใ ( = kouiu) /ใใใใ ( = souiu) /*ใใใใ ( = aaiu )ย + ๆ /ใจใ ( = toki) = in a situation like this/that / in such a situation
(Looking back oneโs past)
Ex. ใใฎๆใๅฝผๅฅณใซๅฅฝใใ ใจ่จใใฐใใใฃใใ
= ใใฎใจใใใใฎใใใซใใใ ใจใใใฐใใใฃใใ
= Ano toki, kanojo ni suki dato ieba yokatta.
= I should have told her that I loved her at that time.
Ex. ใใใใใจใ/ใใใชใจใใใฉใใใใใใใใ ใใใ
= Kouiu toki/Konna toki, doushitara iindarou.
= I wonder what I should do in a situation like this.
Ex. ใใใใใจใใฏ/ใใใชใจใใฏใ็งใๅผใใงใใ ใใใ
= ใใใใใจใใฏ/ใใใชใจใใฏใใใใใใใใงใใ ใใใ
= Souiu toki wa/Sonna toki wa, watashi wo yonde kudasai.
= In that kind of situation/ If that happens again, please call me.
๐นๆใ = ใจใใฉใ = tokidoki = sometimes, once in a while, frequently
Ex. ๆใ ใๅฅใใๅฝผๅฅณใฎใใจใ่ใใใ
= ใจใใฉใใใใใใใใฎใใใฎใใจใใใใใใใ
= Tokidoki, wakareta kanojo no koto wo kangaeru.
= I think about my ex-girlfriend once in a while.
Ex. A: ใๆฅๆฌใฎใใฌใ็ช็ตใฏ่ฆณใ๏ผใ(casual)
= ใซใปใใฎใใฌใใฐใใใฟใฏใฟใ๏ผ
= Nihon no terebi bangumi wa miru?
= Do you watch Japanese TV shows?
B: ใใใใๆใ ่ฆณใใใใ(casual)
= ใใใใจใใฉใใฟใใใ
= Un, tokidoki miru yo.
= Yeah, I watch them once in a while.
๐นๆใซใฏ = ใจใใซใฏ ( = toki niwa) = once in a while, sometimes (formal)
Ex. ๆใซใฏไธไบบใซใชใใใใใจใใใใ
= ใจใใซใฏใฒใจใใซใชใใใใใจใใใใ
= Toki niwa hitori ni naritai koto mo aru.
= At times, I also want to be alone.
๐นๆใจใใฆ = ใจใใจใใฆ ( = toki to shite) = sometimes / in some situations / in some casesใ(formal/written language)
Ex. ๆใจใใฆๆญฃ็ดใงใใใใจใไบบใๅทใคใใใ
= ใจใใจใใฆใใใใใใงใใใใจใใฒใจใใใใคใใใ
= Toki to shite shoujiki de aru koto ga hito wo kizutsukeru.
= Sometimes being honest can hurt people./Being honest can hurt people in some situations./ Sometimes being honest can hurt peopleโs feelings.
๐นๆใจๅ ดๅใซใใ = ใจใใจใฐใใใซใใ ( = toki to baai ni yoru ) = Depends on the time and situation/ It depends/That depends.
Ex. A:ใๅบๅผตใซ่กใฃใใใใคใใๅ็ฃใ่ฒทใใฎ๏ผใ(casual)
= ใใ ใฃใกใใใซใใฃใใใใคใใใฟใใใใใใฎ๏ผ
= Shucchou ni ittara itsumo omiyage wo kau no?
= Do you always buy souvenirs when you go on business trips?
B: ใใใใ ใชใใๆใจๅ ดๅใซใใใใใ(casual)
= ใใใ ใชใใใจใใจใฐใใใซใใใใ
= Souda naa, toki to baai ni yoru yo.
= Well, it depends on the time and situation.
***
ใใฎใผๅ
็ใใ = ใใฎใผใใใใใใ = Maggie Sensei yori =ย From Maggie Sensei
Doggoๅ ็ใใใใใจใ๏ผ = Doggo ใใใใใใใใใจใ๏ผ= Doggo Sensei, arigatou! = Thank you, Doggo Sensei
Doggoๅ ็ใซไผใใใใชใฃใใจใใฏใ้ใณใซ่กใใพใใใใใฎใจใใฏใใใใใใชใใงใญใ
= Doggo ใใใใใซใใใใใชใฃใใจใใฏใใใใณใซใใใพใใใใใฎใจใใฏใใใใใใชใใงใญใ
= Doggo Sensei ni aitaku natta toki wa, asobini ikimasu yo. Sono toki wa, karakawanai dene.
= When I want to see you, Iโll come to visit you. Please donโt tease me then.
****
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4 Comments
ใใใใจใใใใใพใใๆฅๆฌ่ชใฎๅๅผทใฏใพใ ใพใ ็ถใใพใใ๏ผโ๏ผ
ใใคใใซใใฎใใจใๅฟๆดใใฆใใพใ๏ผใ p(^_^)q
ใใฎใผๅ ็ใฏๆฐใใฌใในใณใใขใใใใใจใใใใฃใใ่ชญใใฐใใใจใใใพใใๆใซใฏ่ชญใใงใใใๅฟใใพใใ
ใซใ
ไปๆฅใฏใไบใคใใฌใในใณ่ชญใใงใใใพใใใญใ
(Note for you: ใซใใฎๆธใใฆใใใๆ็ซ ใใใใใพใใใๅฐใใๆไผใใใพใใญใ
ใใฎใผๅ ็ใๆฐใใใฌใในใณใใขใใใใใจใใซ(or ใขใใใใใใ) ใใใซ่ชญใใฐใใใจๆใใพใใ
ๆใซใฏ๏ผใใงใซ๏ผ่ชญใใ ใใจใๅฟใใพใใ) โบ๏ธ