Causative-Passive Form (使役受身形= しえきうけみけい=shieki ukemikei)

「キャットフードばかり食べさせられています。」

= Kyatto fuudo bakari tabesaserarete imasu.

= I only get to eat cat food.

Hello. I am Jasmin, your guest teacher for today.

Maggie and Mochi Sensei made a new Causative Form Lesson.

So let me teach you the causative-passive form this time.

★How to form:

* ru-verb:

たべます(食べます） = tabemasu = to eat

1) make a masu-stem by deleting the ます ( = masu) →たべ ( = tabe)

2) attach させられる ( = saserareru)  / (masu form) させられます ( = saseraremasu)

* u-verb:

よむ (読む）= yomu = to read

1) make the negative form: よまない ( = yomanai) and delete ない ( = nai)

→よま ( = yoma)

2) attach される ( = sareru) →よまされる (= yomasareru)

irregular verbs:

* くる (来る) = kuru =  to come

→こさせられる(来させられる) = kosaserareru

* する = suru = to do

→させられる = saserareru

Note: Shortened form:

Remember there is a shortened form for the causative form.

いく (行く) = iku = to go

Causative form:

→いかせる (行かせる) = ikaseru = to make someone go

→(shorten form) いかす (行かす) = ikasu

Causative passive form:

→いかせられる（行かせられる）= ikaserareru = to be made to go

→(shortened form) いかされる (行かされる) = ikasareru

You can’t make a causative passive form if the shortened form ends with さす ( = sasu)

はなす (話す）= hanasu

Causative form:

はなさせる (話させる) = hanasaseru

→(shortened form) はなさす (話さす) = hanasasu

Causative Passive:

→はなさせられる (= 話させられる) = hanasaserareru = to be made to speak/talk

X Since はなさす (話さす) = hanasasu ends with さす (= sasu), you can’t make a shortened causative passive form.

★Sentence Patterns:

Let’s compare the sentence pattern with the Causative Form.

Sentence pattern :

(causative)

Aは、Bに (+ something を）+ causative form

= A wa、B ni  (+ something wo ）+ causative form

A makes B do (something).

→(causative-passive)

B は　A に (something を) + causative-passive form

B wa　A ni (something wo) + causative-passive form

= B has/gets (something) done by A

B is/was forced to do something by A even though he/she doesn’t/didn’t want to do it.

So I was saying:

「キャットフードばかり食べさせられています。」

= Kyatto fuudo bakari tabesaserarete imasu.

= I only get to eat cat food.

That implies I want to eat something different as well.

How about sushi for a change? 😉

**

* 生徒はレポートを書いた。

= せいとはレポートをかいた。

= Seito wa repooto wo kaita.

= The students wrote a report.

This sentence just states the fact that students wrote a report.

Now, if Maggie forced the students to write a report, you could say:

→マギー先生は生徒にレポートを書かせた。

= マギーせんせいはせいとにレポートをかかせた。

= Maggie Sensei wa seito ni repooto wo kakaseta.

= Maggie Sensei made/had the students write a report.

Or if Maggie writes the sentence:

→（私は）生徒にレポートを書かせた。

= (わたしは）せいとにレポートをかかせた。

= (Watashi wa) Seito ni repooto wo kakasta.

= I made/had the students write a report.

Note: You often drop the subject,  私は ( = わたしは = watashi wa) in conversation.

This is a causative form that we studied last month.

Remember the meaning might change depending on the context.

It can also mean:

→Maggie Sensei let the students write a report.

In this case, the students were willing to write a report and Maggie let them write it.

If you write this sentence from the student’s point of view.

*（私は）レポートを書いた。

= (わたしは）レポートをかいた。

= ( Watashi wa) Repooto wo kaita.

= I wrote a report.

Again, this sentence just states the facts, and it doesn’t involve any emotions.

But if they didn’t want to or were reluctant to write the report since they were forced to write the report by me, you use the causative-passive form.

*（私は/私達は）マギー先生にレポートを書かされた。

= (わたしは）マギーせんせいにレポートをかかせれた。

= ( Watashi wa) Repooto wo kakasareta.

= I had/got the report written by Maggie Sensei.

If the third person describes this:

生徒は、マギー先生にレポートを書かされた。

= せいとは、マギーせんせいにレポートをかかされた。

= Seito wa, Maggie Sensei ni repooto wo kakasareta.

= The student(s) had/got the report written by Maggie Sensei.

The causative-passive form involves feelings such as:

😖 Ugh, it is such a pain to write the report but there is no choice because Maggie Sensei made me write. 

So, this is the pattern of changing the sentence from the causative form to the passive form.                                                       

Aは、Bに (～を)  V (さ）せる

= A wa, B ni ( ~wo ) V (sa) seru

= A makes B do (something)

Ex. 👧は、👨に、🧸 を 買わせた。

= 👧wa、👨 ni、🧸 wo kawaseta.

=  👧 made 👨 buy 🧸

↓(causative-passive form)

Bは、Aに (～を) Vされる/（さ）せられる

= B wa A ni (  ~ wo ) V sareru / (sa)serareru

= B is made to do something by A

Ex. 👨 は、👧に 🧸を　買わされた。

= 👨 wa、👧 ni 🧸 wo kawasareta.

= 👨 is made to buy 🧸 by 👧

(causative)

👩 は、👨 に 🧳 を 持（も）たせた。

= 👩 wa、👨 ni 🧳 wo motaseta.

= 👩 had/made 👨 carry 🧳

↓(causative-passive form)

👨は、👩 に 🧳 を持たされた。

👨wa、👩 ni 🧳 wo motasareta.

= 👨 got/had carried 🧳 by 👩

From this sentence, you can tell 👨 didn’t want to carry the suitcase but 👩 made him carry it.

⭐️How to use:

1. When you are made to/forced to do something by someone.

Note: I will write the literal English translation to help you understand the sentence pattern better though you may find the English sentences are not natural because we don’t use the passive form very much.

Ex. 家にいると母に手伝わされるから出かけた方がいい。

= いえにいるとははにてつざわされるからでかけたほうがいい。

= Ie ni iru to haha ni tetsuzawasareru kara dekaketa hou ga ii.

= I would be forced to help my mother if I stay home so I’d rather go out. 

(←My mother makes me help her if I stay home so I’d rather go out.)

Ex. 彼女の買い物に一日中付き合わされてくたくただ。

= かのじょのかいものにいちにちじゅうつきあわされてくたくただ。

= Kanojo no kaimono ni ichinichijuu tsukiawasarete kutakuta da.

= I am exhausted because I was made to go shopping with my girlfriend all day long.

Ex. 上司の話を延々と聞かされた。

= じょうしのはなしをえんえんときかされた。

= Joushi no hanashi wo enen to kikasareta.

= I was forced to listen to my boss endlessly.

Ex. 正月に実家に帰るといっぱい食べさせられるから絶対に太るよ。

= しょうがつにじっかにかえるといっぱいたべさせられるからぜったいにふとるよ。

= Shougatsu ni jikka ni kaeru to ippai tabesaserareru kara zettai ni futoru yo.

= Whenever I go back to my parents’ house for the New Year, I am forced to eat a lot so I’ll definitely get fat.

Ex. 友達にご飯をおごらされた。

= ともだちにごはんをおごらされた。

= Tomodachi ni gohan wo ogorasareta.

= I was forced to treat my friends to a meal.

( My friends forced me to treat them to a meal.)

Note: You can drop the causer (the person who makes you do something), someone に ( = ni) = by someone,  if it’s obvious in the context or it refers to a group, store, company, entity, or people in general.

Ex. 注文してから３０分も待たされた。

= ちゅうもんしてからさんじゅっぷんもまたされた。

= Chuumon shite kara sanjuppun mo matasareta.

= I was made to wait thirty minutes (to be served) after I ordered food.

(Note: The causer is the store or restaurant.)

Ex. 彼女の両親の前で日本語で自己紹介をさせられた。

= かのじょのりょうしんのまえでにほんごでじこしょうかいをさせられた。

= Kanojo no ryoushin no mae de nihongo de jikoshoukai wo saserareta.

= I was made to introduce myself in Japanese in front of my girlfriend’s parents.

(Note: The causer is the speaker’s girlfriend or her parents)

After the party:

Ex. 今日も、たくさん飲まされたなあ。

= きょうも、たくさんのまされたなあ。

= Kyou mo, takusan nomasaretanaa.

= I was made to drink a lot again today. (The people at the party made the speaker drink a lot.)

(Note: The causer is the people who the speaker drank with.)

Ex. あんな寿司に１万円も払わされた。

= あんなすしにいちまんえんもはらわされた。

= Anna sushi ni ichimanen mo harawasareta.

= I was made to pay a good 10,000 yen for that (bad/cheap quality of) sushi.

(Note: The causer is the sushi restaurant or people who the speaker ate with.

あんな ( = anna) implies that sushi is not worth ¥10,000)

Ex. 保険を解約したら５枚も用紙に署名させられた。

= ほけんをかいやくしたらごまいもようしにしょめいさせられた。

= Hoken wo kaiyaku shitara gomai mo youshi ni shomei saserareta.

= I was made to sign FIVE forms when I canceled the insurance.

(Note: The causer is the insurance company/insurance solicitor.)

２）When one’s feelings/emotions/thoughts are provoked by something/someone.

One’s emotions/feelings comes up naturally from something/someone.

Ex. 子供の頃、よく兄に泣かされた。

= こどものころ、よくあにになかされた。

= Kodomo no koro, yoku ani ni nakasareta.

= I was made to cry by my older brother when I was a child.

(= My big brother used to make me cry when I was a child.)

Ex. この話には泣かされた。

= このはなしにはなかされた。

= Kono hanashi niwa nakasareta.

= I was moved to tears by this story.

 You can rephrase this sentence without using a causative-passive form.

この話には泣いた。

= このはなしにはないた。

= Kono hanashi niwa naita.

= I cried at this story.

Causative-passive stresses what/who affects you emotionally more.

Ex. その靴が宇宙のゴミから作られたことに驚かされた。

= そのくつがうちゅうのゴミからつくられたことにおどろかされた。

= Sono kutsu ga uchuu no gomi kara tsukurareta koto ni odorokasareta.

= I was amazed that those shoes were made out of the space waste.

Note: You can say 驚いた ( = おどろいた) = odoroita

Ex. 彼の演技に感心させられた。

= かれのえんぎにかんしんさせられた。

= Kare no engi ni kanshin saserareta.

= I was impressed with his performance.

Note: You can say 感心した ( = かんしんした) = kanshin shita

Ex. 子供たちの歌声には感動させられた。

= こどもたちのうたごえにはかんどうさせられた。

= Kodomotachi no utagoe niwa kandou saserareta.

= I was moved by the children’s singing voice.

Note: In the above you could also say 感動した ( = かんどうした) = kandou shita

Ex. 息子にはがっかりさせられた。

= むすこにはがっかりさせられた。

= Musuko ni wa gakkari saserareta.

= I was disappointed by my son.

Note: You can say がっかりした ( =gakkarishita)

Ex. 彼女の可愛い仕草にキュンとさせられた。

= かのじょのかわいいしぐさににキュンとさせられた。

= Kanojo no kawaii shigusa ni kyun to saserareta.

= Her cute gestures made my heart skip a beat.

Note: You can say キュンとした ( = kyun to shita)

Besides one’s feelings you can also use causative-passive form with the verb 考える ( = かんがえる = kangaeru), to think　

Ex. この本を読んで改めて命の大切さを考えさせられた。

= このほんをよんであらためていのちのたいせつさをかんがえさせられました。

= Kono hon wo yonde aratamete inochi no taisetsusa wo kangaesaseraremashita.

= This book made me think about the importance of life again.

Note: Though you use causative-passive form with the verbs which involves one’s emotions or feelings like

* 感動する = かんどうする = kandou suru = to be moved

* 驚く = odoroku /びっくりする = bikkuri suru = to be surprised

* がっかりする = gakkarisuru = to be disappointed, etc,

It is not natural to use the causative-passive form with some emotion related verbs such as:

* 喜ぶ =  よろこぶ = yorokobu = to be pleased 

(causative from 喜ばせる = よろこばせる = yorokobaseru = to make someone happy)

* 悲しむ = かなしむ = kanashimu = to be sad

(causative from 悲しませる = かなしませる = kanashimaseru ), etc.

***

マギー先生より = Maggie Sensei yori = From Maggie Sensei

Jasmin先生、ありがとう

= Jasmin Sensei, arigatou!

= Thank you, Jasmin Sensei!

今日は、一緒にお寿司を食べに行こうか？

= きょうは、いっしょにおすしをたべにいこうか？

= Kyou wa, issho ni osushi wo tabeni ikou ka?

= Why don’t we go eat sushi today?

***

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