How to use “それぞれ・当たり・につき・各 ( = sorezore/atari/ni tsuki/kaku)

「僕の誕生日にはそれぞれ美味しいものを持ってきてくださいね。」

= Boku no tanjoubi ni wa sorezore oishii mono wo motte kite kudasai ne.

= Each of you bring something delicious for my birthday, OK?

無断転載禁止（All rights reserved）

Hello everyone! I’m Joey, your guest teacher for today.

We got a request to make a lesson on 当たり ( = atari)  and それぞれ ( = sorezore).

So let’s work on that and learn some other similar expressions at the same time!

Ready?

****

★当たり/あたり ( = atari): (how much/many ~ ) per ~ 

How to form: 

*  number + counter + 当たり/あたり ( = atari) + number + counter

*  number + counter + 当たり/あたり ( = atari)  + の ( = no) + noun 

*  number + counter + 当たり/あたり ( = atari) + interrogative ~ 

Note: Though with 当たり/あたり ( = atari) is more clear to express “per ~/each ”, you can omit  当たり/あたり ( = atari) and just use “number + counter + noun “ in some cases. 

1人当たり5分 = hitori atari gofun = five minutes each/per person

→1人５分 = hitori gofun = five minutes each /per person

I will add that note in each example sentence.

* When to use:

You use 当たり/あたり ( = atari) when you are talking about the quota (amount)  per certain unit. /How much/How many something per ~ 

The most common one  is  

一人/1人当たり = ひとりあたり = hitori atari = per person

Note: You write either in kanji or numeral for numbers.

Ex. 政府から1人当たり*１０万円の給付金が支給された。

= Seifu kara hitori atari juuman-en no kyuufukin ga shikyuu sareta.

= Government provided special fixed benefit of 100,000 yen per person was provided from Government.

(* You can also just say →1人１０万円の給付金 = hitori juuman-en no kyuufukin)

Note: 一人/一人 = ひとり = hitori: You write either in kanji or numeral for numbers.

Ex. この会社は、1人当たり*の仕事量が多すぎる。

= Kono kaisha wa, hitori atari no shigotoryou ga oosugiru.

= The amount of work per person is too much at this company. 

(* →1人の仕事量 = hitori no shigotoryou)

Ex. チケットはお一人様あたり*２枚までご購入いただけます。

= Chikietto wa ohitorisama atari nimai made gokounyuu itadakemasu.

= One person can buy up to two tickets.

(* → お一人 = ohitori )

Note : You often use the number “1” with 当たり ( = atari)  but you can use other numbers as well if the number is considered as one unit. 

Ex. 人口１０万人当たり*のコロナ感染者数

= Jinkou juuman-nin atari no korona kansennshasuu.

= Coronavirus infection rates per 100,000 people .

( *In this case, it would be better not to omit  あたり ( = atari) because it looks confusing.  人口１０万人のコロナ感染者数 =  Coronavirus infection of the population of 100,000 people )

Ex. 30分当たりの駐車料金を比べるとこの駐車場が一番安い。

= Sanjuppun atari no chuusha ryoukin wo kuraberu to kono chuushajou ga ichiban yasui. 

= If we compare the parking fee per 30 minute, this parking lot is the cheapest.

( *→Though it will be more clear to have 当たり ( = atari), you can say 30分の駐車料金= sanjuppun no chuusharyoukin)

Ex. そのバイト、1日当たり*、いくらもらえるの？(Casual)

= Sono baito, ichinichi atari, ikura moraeru no?

= How much do you get paid per day with that part-time job?

( * →1日、いくら = ichinichi ikura)

Ex. 1人あたり*二千円の会費を集めてください。

= Hitori atari nisen-en no kaihi wo atsumete kudasai.

= Please collect 2,000 yen each for participation. 

(* →1人２千円の会費 = hitori nisenen no kaihi) 

Ex. 一世帯当たりの平均年間所得は、550万円ぐらいだそうだ。

= Issetai atari no heikin nenkan shotoku wa, gohyaku gojuuman-en gurai da souda.

= They say the average annual income per household in Japan is 5,500,000 yen. 

( * →一世帯の平均年間所得 = issetai no henkin nenkan shotoku)

Ex. ガソリン1リッター (or リットル） 当たり*の値段が150円になった。

 = gasorin ichirittaa (or rittoru) atari no nedan ga hyaku gojuuen ni natta.

= The gas price per liter is now 150 yen.

( * →ガソリン1リッター (or リットル）の = gasorin ichirittaa (or rittoru) no)

★～につき ( = ni tsuki)

You can use  ~ につき ( = ni tsuki) instead of 当たり ( = atari) when you assign some portion.

* How to form: 

→number + counter + 当たり ( = atari) + number + counter 

→number + counter  + につき ( = ni tsuki) + number + counter 

Ex. 入院費は、保険で1日当たり1万円までカバーされます。

= Nyuuinnhi wa, hoken de ichinichi atari ichiman-en made kabaa saremasu.

= The insurance will cover the hospital charges up to 10,000 yen per day. 

→入院費は、保険で1日につき1万円までカバーされます。

= Nyuuinhi wa, hoken de ichinichi ni tsuki ichiman-en made kabaa saremasu.

Ex. こちらのクーポンをお持ちの方は、お一人当たり500円割引いたします。(polite)

= Kochira no kuupon wo omochi no kata wa, ohitori atari gohyaku-en waribiki itashimasu.

= If you have this coupon, we will give you 500 yen discount per person.

→こちらのクーポンをお持ちの方は、お一人につき500円割引いたします。

= Kochira no kuupon wo omochi no kata wa, ohitori ni tsuki gohyaku-en waribiki itashimasu.

Ex. スピーチの時間は、一人当たり５分までです。

= Supiichi no jikan wa, hitori atari gofun made desu.

= The length of the speech should be up to five minutes per person. 

→スピーチの時間は、一人につき５分までです。

= Supiichi no jikan wa, hitori ni tsuki gofun made desu.

Note:

1) Again, you can omit 当たり ( = atari)/ につき ( = ni tsuki)  in these example sentences.

→1日1万円 = Ichinichi ichiman-en.

→お一人500円 = ohitori gohyaku-en.

→一人５分まで = hitori gofun made.

2) You can say both 

１時間につき2,000円 ( = ichijikan ni tsuki nisen-en )

１時間当たり2,000円 ( = ichijikan atari nisen-en )

 = 2,000 yen per hour.

However, while you use 「~ 当たり ( = atari)  + の ( = no)」 to modify a noun, you can’t use につき ( = ni tsuki) to modify a noun.　

Ex. １時間当たりの料金 = ichijikan atari no ryoukin= fee per hour / hourly fee

→❌ １時間につき料金  = ichijikan ni tsuki ryoukin (wrong) 

Also you don’t say につきの ( = ni tsukino)

3) ～につき ( = ni tsuki) is also used when you give a reason in formal speech/writing. : due to / because of ~ 

Ex. 大雨につきこのイベントは延期になりました。

= Ooame ni tsuki kono ibento wa enki ni narimashita.

= This event was postponed due to the heavy rain.

★ずつ = zutsu 

1) ～per ~ / each: How much/how many per ~ 

2) one by one, individually, (certain number) at a time

* How to form: 

* number + counter + ずつ ( = zutsu) + (particle) + verb

*number + counter + ずつ ( = zutsu) + (noun+ particle) + verb

1) ～ per  ~ /each  

Ex. クッキーを一人一個ずつとって回してください。

= Kukkii wo hitori ikkouzutsu totte mawashite kudasai.

= Take one cookie each and pass them around.

Ex. ５人ずつグループを作ってください。

= Gonin zutsu guruupu wo tsukutte kudasai.

= Make a group of five.

Ex.　先生は、生徒一人ずつに卒業証明書を渡した。

= Seseni wa, seito hitorizutsu sotsugyou shoumeisho wo watashita.

= The teacher handed the certificate of graduation to each student one by one. 

Ex. このドーナツとこのカップケーキを２個ずつください。

= Kono doonatsu wo kono kappuke-ki wo niko zutsu kudasai.

= Give me two of both the donuts and cupcakes.

Ex. プレゼントは一つずつきれいにラッピングされていた。

= Purezento wa hitotsuzutsu kirei ni rappingu sareteita.

= The present was nicely individually wrapped.

Ex. ラーメンをそんなふうに一本ずつ食べていたらすごく時間がかかるよ。

= Raamen wo sonna fuu ni ippon zutsu tabete itara sugoku jikan ga kakaru yo.

= If you eat one noodle at a time like that, it will take forever to finish your ramen.

Ex. 焦らなくていいからね。一歩ずつ前に進めばいいよ。

= Asenaranaku te ii kara ne. Ippo zutsu mae ni susumeba ii yo.

= No need to rush, OK? You just move forward one step at a time. 

Ex. これから、一人ずつ名前を呼びますので呼ばれたら前に出てきてください。

= Korekara, hitorizutsu namae wo yobimasu node yobaretara mae ni dete kite kudasai.

= I will call your name one at a time. If your name is called, please come forward. 

* 少し ( = すこし）・(more casual) ちょっと ( = chotto) + ずつ ( = zutsu): little by little, gradually 

Ex. 漢字はたくさんありますが、少しずつ覚えましょう。

= Kanji wa takusan arimasu ga, sukoshizutsu oboemashou.

= There are many kanji but let’s learn little by little. 

Ex. 毎日、少しずつ暖かくなってきますね。

= Mainichi, sukoshizutsu atatakaku natte kimasu ne.

= It is getting warmer every day.

★各 = かく = kaku = (formal) each, every, individual 

* How to form: 

* 各 ( = かく = kaku) + noun

* 各 ( = かく = kaku) + number　+ counter

各 ( = かく= kaku) is used in compound words and adds the meaning of “each” or “every”. 

Ex. 全国各地で桜が咲き始めました。

= Zenkoku kakuchi de sakura ga sakihajimemashita.

= The cherry blossoms started to bloom all over the country (Japan).

Ex. このサイトで各地の天気予報を調べることができます。

= Kono saito de kakuchi no tenkiyohou wo shiraberu koto ga dekimasu.

= You can check the weather forecast of various regions on this site. 

Ex. このイベントでは、世界各国の料理を楽しめます。

= Kono ibento dewa, sekai kakkoku no ryouri wo tanoshimemasu.

= You can enjoy food from individual countries from all over the world. 

Ex. 各クラスから代表を一人選んでください。

= Kaku kurasu kara daihyou wo hitori erande kudasai.

= Choose one representative from each class.

Ex.「大阪は各家庭にたこ焼き*器があるって聞いたけど本当？」

= Oosaka wa kaku katei ni takoyakiki ga arutte kiita kedo hontou?

= Is it true that ever house in Osaka has a takoiyaki maker. 

(*たこ焼き = takoyaki = octopus balls) 

Ex. 昼食は各自用意してください。

= Chuushoku wa kakuji youi shite kudasai.

= Please bring your own lunch. 

Ex. 各商品、お一人様、二点限りご購入できます。

= Kaku shouhin, ohitorisama, niten kagiri gokounyuu dekimasu.

= Each product is limited to two per customer.

★それぞれ = sorezore  = one by one / each of ~  (more than two things / people) / respectively

* When to use:

When there are more than two things/people and you do something one by one, for each thing/person. 

Similar expression: 一つ一つ / ひとつひとつ ( = hitotsu hitotsu) one by one・（talking about a person)  一人一人 /  ひとりひとり ( = hitori hitori) one by one, each person.

* How to form: 

* それぞれ ( = sorezore) + (noun + particle) verb = to do/have something respectively 

* それぞれ ( = sorezore) + の ( = no) + noun = each/respective  + noun 

There are more than two things/people and something is done or you do something respectively.

Each of them has its own characteristic.

Talking about unspecified things/people

Ex. 人にはそれぞれの生き方がある。

= Hito niwa sorezore no ikikata ga aru.

= Every person has their own way of living. 

Ex. 子供達それぞれの能力を伸ばしてあげたい。

= Kodomotachi  sorezore no nouryoku wo nobashite agetai.

= I would like to develop each children’s ability 

Ex. 卒業したらそれぞれの道で頑張っていこう。

= Sotsugyou shitara sorezore no michi de ganbatte ikou.

= Let’s do our best in our respectively way after graduating. 

Ex. それぞれの学校で校則が異なる。

= Sorezore no gakkou de kousoku ga kotonaru.

= Each school has its own school rules. 

Ex. 招待客は、それぞれの車で帰っていった。

= Shoutaikyaku wa, sorezore kurumade kaette itta.

= The guests each went home in their own cars. 

You can combine two sentences into one using それぞれ ( = s orezore) 

(a) Aさんはオーストラリアに帰りました。

= A-san wa Oosutoraria ni kaerimashita.

= A-san went back to Australia.

(b) Bさんは、マレーシアに帰りました。

= B san wa, Mareeshia ni kaerimashita.

= B-san went back to Malaysia.

(a) + (b)

→Aさんは、オーストラリアにBさんはマレーシアにそれぞれ帰りました。

= A-San wa Oosutoraria ni B san wa Mareeshia ni sorezore kaerimashita.

= A-san went back to Australia and B-san went back to Malaysia respectively.

or

→AさんとBさんはそれぞれオーストラリアとマレーシアに帰りました。

= A-San to B-san wa sorezore Oosutoraria to Mareeshia ni kaerimashita.

= A-san and B-san went back to  Australia and  Malaysia respectively.

Or you can say these without mentioning their countries by name like this:

A-san and B-san went back to their own (respective) countries.

→AさんとBさんはそれぞれの国に帰りました。

= A-san to B-san wa sorezore no kuni ni kaerimashita.

or　

→AさんとBさんは、それぞれ国に帰りました。

= A-san to B-san wa, sorezore kuni ni kaerimashita.

**

(c)  マギー先生は、肉を食べました。

= Maggie Sensei wa, niku wo tabemashita.

= Maggie Sensei ate meat,

(d)  Joey先生は、魚を食べました。

= Joey Sensei wa, sakana wo tabemashita.

= Joey Sensei ate fish.

(c) + (d)

→マギー先生は肉を、Joey先生は魚をそれぞれ食べました。

= Maggie Sensei wa niku wo, Joey Sensei wa sakana wo sorezore tabemashita.

= Maggie Sensei ate meat and Joey Sensei ate fish respectively.

Or you can also say 

→マギー先生とJoey先生は、それぞれ肉と魚を食べました。

= Maggie Sensei to Joey Sensei wa, sorezore niku to sakana wo tabemashita.

= Maggie Sensei and Joey Sensei ate meat and fish respectively.

(e) ななちゃんに電話をしておきます。

= Nana-chan ni denwa wo shite okimasu.

= I will call Nana-chan. 

(f) 華ちゃんにも電話をしておきます。

= Hana-chan nimo denwa wo shite okimasu.

= I will call Hana-chan, too. 

(Note: しておく ( = shiteoku) to do something ahead of time as preparation)

(e) + (f) 

→ ななちゃんと華ちゃんにそれぞれ電話をしておきます。

= Nana-chan to Hana-chan ni sorezore denwa wo shite okimasu.

= I will call Nana-chan and Hana-chan respectively. 

You also use それぞれ ( = sorezore) when you are talking about or talking with groups of people without mentioning particular names.

group of people は ( = wa) ・が ( = ga)  + それぞれ ( = sorezore) ~ 

Ex. うちの子供達はそれぞれ個性があって面白いです。

= Uchi no kodomotachi wa sorezore kosei ga atte omoshiroi desu.

= Each one of my children has their own personality so it’s interesting. 

Ex. 明日のパーティーには、参加者がそれぞれ食べたいものを持ってくることになっています。

= Ashita no paatii niwa, sankasha ga sorezore tabetei mono wo motte kuru koto ni natte imasu.

= Every participant is supposed to bring what they want to eat to the party tomorrow.

When you are addressing some groups of people, you don’t have to specify the names of the group. 

Ex. 卒業してそれぞれがそれぞれの道を歩んでいきますが、この学校で学んだことを忘れないでください。

= Sotsugyou shite sorezore ga sozore no michi wo ayunde ikimasuga ,kono gakkou de mananda koto wo wasurenai de kudasai.

= Each of you will walk in your own path after graduating but please do not forget what you learned at this school.

Ex. 飲み物は好きなものをそれぞれ注文してね。

= Nomimono wa sukina mono wo sorezore chuumon shite ne.

= Each of you order whatever drink you like, OK?

Note:　各々 = おのおの = onoono / 各自 = かくじ = kakuji 

You may see this word in formal writing especially in business 

It means 一人一人 = ひとりひとり =  hitori hitori/ それぞれ = zorezore = each person/each of you 

Ex.  明日の昼食は、各々（or 各自）準備してください。

= Ashita no chuushoku wa, onoono (or kakuji) junbi shite kudasai.

=  Please prepare the lunch for tomorrow on your own.

* 人それぞれ  = hito sorezore　= Everyone has their own opinion / Every person is different. 

Similar expression: 人によって違う = differ among people/ depend on the person 

Ex. この料理の作り方は人それぞれです。

= Kono ryouri no tsukurikata wa hito sorezore desu.

= Everyone has their own way of cooking this dish.

Ex. 意見は人それぞれだと思いますのでよく話し合ってください。

= Iken wa hito sorezore dato omoimasu node yoku hanashiatte kudasai.

= I suppose you all have different opinions* so please discuss it well.

(* everybody has their own opinion )

Note: Sometime you use それぞれ ( = sorezore) and  ずつ ( = zutsu) together.

(Pointing to two different kinds of cake.)

Ex.このケーキ🍰とあのケーキ🍰をそれぞれ一つずつください。

= Kono keeki to ano keeki wo sorezore hitotsuzutsu kudasai.

= I’ll have one of these cakes and one of those cakes.

**

マギー先生より = Maggie Sensei yori = From Maggie Sensei

Joey先生、ありがとう！ = Joey Sensei arigatou! = Thank you Joey Sensei!

私は、お誕生日にトロを持っていきますね。☺️

= Watashi wa, otanjoubi ni toro wo motte ikimasune.

= I will bring you toro (fatty tuna) for your birthday!

***

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