「僕と、となりにいるパンダとどっちがかわいい？」
= Boku to tonari ni iru Panda to docchi ga kawaii?
= Who is cuter? Me or the Panda next to me?
Hi everyone!
Today’s guest teacher is my angel buddy, Sniff-Sensei from Greece.
*****
Hi, I am Sniff! I volunteered to be a guest teacher here for my friend, Alexandra.
I am going to teach you how to modify a noun in Japanese.
You can make more complicated sentences with them.
In English you need relative pronouns such as “where”, “when”, “which”, “who”, and “that” that refer to nouns mentioned previously.
→noun + where / what / who / that / which + subject + verb
* the clause after where / what / who / that / which modifies a noun.
Ex. a) The shoes that she was wearing.
Ex. b) The city where my boyfriend lives.
Ex. c) The book which my friend lent me
Ex. d) The girl who I was in love with.
Here is a good news for you! You don’t need to say “where / when / which / who / that”..in Japanese.
However the word order is very different.
★ Basic patterns:
＊Subject + particle + verb plain form + modified noun
＊Subject + particle + object + particle + verb + modified noun
Ex. a) 彼女が (S) 履いていた (V) 靴 (N)
= Kanojo ga haite ita kutsu
Ex. b) 彼が (S) 住んでいる (V) 街 (N)
= Kare ga sunde iru machi.
Ex. c) 友達が (S) 私に（O) 貸してくれた (V) 本 (N)
= Tomodachi ga watashi ni kashite kureta hon.
Ex. d) 僕が (S) 好きだった (V) 女の子 (N)
= Boku ga sukidatta onna no ko.
S = Subject
V = Verb
O = Object
N = Noun
Of course, it will get more complicated, but let’s see the basic patterns first.
*******
* Maggie made a rice ball.
⬇️
マギーはおにぎりを作った
= Maggie wa onigiri wo tsukutta
= Maggie made a rice ball.
When you describe a cookie, you have to switch the word order.
Subject + main verb + noun
* マギーが作ったおにぎり
= Maggie ga tsukutta onigiri
= the rice ball that Maggie made
Note 1: As you know the main subject markers are は ( = wa) and が ( = ga).
But you can’t use は ( = wa) in relative clauses.
You don’t say
X マギーは作ったおにぎり
= Maggie wa tsukutta onigiri.
Note 2: You can use a particle の ( = no) as a topic marker,
＊マギーの作ったおにぎり
＝ Maggie no tsukutta onigiri.
This may confuse you because you have learned the particle の ( = no) is a possession
marker or it means “of”.
But in relative clauses, you can also use の ( = no) as a subject marker.
Note3: You can’t use polite form (です／ます= desu / masu) in relative clauses.
X マギーが/の作りましたおにぎり
= Maggie ga/no tsukurimashita onigiri.
Let’s see how you use this relative clause.
Ex. マギーが/の作ったおにぎりはいつも美味しい。
= Maggie ga/no tsukutta onigiriwa itsumo oishii.
= The rice balls that Maggie makes are always delicious.
******
父は、学校に通っていた。
= Chichi wa, gakkou ni kayottteita.
= My father used to go to school.
describe the school
↓
父が通っていた学校
= Chichi ga kayotteita gakkou
= The school that my father used to attend.
or
父の通っていた学校
= Chichi no kayotteita gakkou
= The school that my father used to attend.
Ex. 父の通っていた学校は、もうない。
= Chichi no kayotte ita gakkou wa, mou nai.
= The school where my father used to attend is gone now.
******
Maggie read the book
= マギーはその本を読んだ。
= Maggie wa sono hon wo yonda.
describe the book
↓
マギーが読んだ本
= Maggie ga yonda hon.
or
マギーの読んだ本
= Maggie no yonda hon.
You can modify another noun using a particle の ( = no)
S+ particle + verb + noun + の ( = no) + noun
Ex. マギーが読んだ本のリスト
＝ Maggie ga yonda hon no risuto.
= The list of the books that Maggie read.
Note: You can also say マギーの読んだ本のリスト ( = Maggie no yonda hon no risuto)
but we tend to avoid two の ( = no) in the same sentence so
マギーが読んだ本のリスト ( = Maggie ga yonda hon no risuto) sounds/looks better.
*******
Sato-san sang that song
佐藤さんがその曲を歌った。
= Satou san ga sono kyoku wo utatta.
describe the song
↓
佐藤さんが/の歌った曲
＝ Satou san ga/no utatta kyoku.
Ex. 昨日、佐藤さんが歌った曲のタイトルは何か知ってる？
= Kinou, Satou san ga utatta kyoku no taitoru wa nani ka shitteru?
= Do you know the title of the song which Sato-san sang yesterday?
Note: Again, since there is の ( = no) in 曲のタイトル (= kyoku no taitoru), it will look better to say 佐藤さんが (= Satou san ga) instead of 佐藤さんの ( = Satou san no)
******
She decided to get married to him.
= 彼女は彼と結婚することにした。
= Kanojo wa kare to kekkon suru koto ni shita.
→The reason why she decided to get married to him.
As I mentioned above, you change the subject marker は ( = wa) to が ( = ga)
* 彼女が、彼と結婚することにした理由
= Kanojo ga kare to kekkon surukoto ni shita riyuu
= the reason she decided to marry him
Ex. 彼女が彼と結婚することにした理由を聞いて驚いた。
= Kanojo ga kare to kekkon surukoto ni shita riyuu wo kiite odoroita.
= I was surprised to hear the reason why she got married to him.
*******
Let’s pay attention to the tense now.
★ the dress that she is wearing today is nice.
→彼女が今日、着ているドレスは、素敵です／だ。
= Kanojo ga kyou, kite iru doresu suteki desu/da.
★ the dress that she is going to wear tomorrow is nice.
→彼女が明日、着るドレスは素敵、です／だ。
= Kanojo ga ashita, kiru doresu wa suteki, desu/da.
★ the dress that she was wearing yesterday was nice.
→彼女が昨日、着ていたドレスは、素敵でした／だった。
= Kanojo ga kinou, kiteita doresu, suteki desu/da.
*****
Talking about something happening now.
⬇️
Ex. 今、みゆきさんと一緒にいる男の人は誰？
= Ima Miyuki san to issho iru otoko no hito wa dare?
= Who is the man who is with Miyuki now?
Talking about the past event
⬇️
Ex. 昨日、みゆきさんと一緒にいた男の人は誰？
= Kinou, Miyuki san to ita otoko no hito wa dare?
= Who is the man who was with Miyuki?
*****
OK, I will show you more examples. Please pay attentions to the particles that I use.
Ex. 去年、家族で行ったホテルは最高だった。
= Kyonen, kazoku de itta hoteru wa saikou datta.
= The hotel where I went with my family was the best.
Ex. 彼女に出したつもりのメールを友達に送信してしまった。
= Kanojo ni dashita tsumori no meiru wo tomodachi ni soushishite shimatta.
= I sent the message that I was going to send to my girlfriend to my friend by accident.
Ex. 昨日、話していた番組はこれだよ。
= Kinou, hanashiteita bangumi wa kore dayo.
= This is the TV program I was talking about yesterday.
Ex. 先週、飲み会で会った人が忘れならない。
= Senshuu, nomikai de atta hito ga wasurerarenai.
= I can’t forget about the person I met at a drinking party last week.
Ex. ここは初めて彼女とデートをした公園だ。
= Koko wa hajimete kanojo to deeto wo shita kouen da.
= This is the park where I had a date with my girlfriend for the first time.
Ex. ずっと探していたポケモンをやっと捕まえた。
= Zutto sagashite ita Pokemon wo yatta tsukamaeta.
= I finally caught the Pokemon that I had been searching for for so long.
Ex. お母さん、 子供の頃、作ってくれたお菓子(を）、また作ってよ。
= Okaasan, kodomono koro, tsukuatte kureta okashi (wo), mata tsukutte yo.
= Mom, please make the sweets that you made for me when I was child again.
Ex. 帰りが遅くなるときは電話して。
= Kaeri ga osoku naru toki wa denwa shite.
= Call when you are going to be late getting home.
Ex. カラオケで歌いたい曲がない。
= Karaoke de utaitai kyoku ga nai.
= There are no Karaoke songs that I want to sing.
Ex. 友達に教えてもらった住所とネットで調べた住所が違う。
= Tomodachi ni oshiete moratta juusho to netto de shirabeta juusho ga chigau.
= The address that my friend gave me and the address that I check on the Internet are different.
Sometimes more than one verb modifies a noun.
Ex. あそこで携帯を見ている人が田中さんです。
= Asokoni de keitai wo mite iru hito ga Tanaka san desu
= Mr. Tanaka is the person checking his cellphone.
*****
You also modify the nominalizer, こと ( = koto)
Ex. マギーの言っていることはよくわかります。
= Maggie no itte iru koto wa yoku wakarimasu.
= I understand what you are talking about, Maggie. (If the speaker is talking to Maggie)
= I understand what Maggie is talking about.
Ex. 昨日、マギーが言ったこと、本当？ (casual)
= Kinou, Maggie ga itta koto, hontou?
= Is it true what you were talking about, Maggie? (If the speaker is talking to Maggie)
= Is it true what Maggie was talking about?
Ex. いままで、みんなが私のためにやってくれたことを決して忘れません。
= imamade, minna ga watashi no tame ni yatte kureta koto wo kesshite wasuremasen.
= I will never forget what you all have done for me.
****
マギー先生より = Maggie Sensei yori = From Maggie Sense
Sniff 先生、ありがとう！
= Sniff Sensei, arigatou!
= Thank you, Sniff Sensei.
Sniffもパンダも両方かわいいよ。
= Sniff mo Panda mo ryouhou kawaii yo.
= I think both of you and Panda are cute.
***
Could you be my Patron?
I appreciate your support! サポートありがとう！
64 Comments
Hello Maggie-sensei!
Sensei says that the typical construction is SV(O)N, but can the N be at the beginning of the sentence.
I got to this:
隠し通路 七番街スラムまでつながってるの (The secret passage that leads to Sector 7 slums)
which I thought would be rather:
七番街スラムまでつながってる隠し通路の with the noun at the end.
Is it a special form of speech? e.g emphasizing the “secret passage”?
Hello Gaspatcher
It will be easier to see the structure of this sentence by adding a topic particle は after 隠し通路
隠し通路は、七番街スラムまでつながってるの
The secret passage leads to Sector 7 ~
Thanks Maggie-sensei (you answer really quickly!),
It’s coming from this video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o52IqteZ3pY&t=920s
around 15:22
She’s saying this without any particle? Is it because it is casual speech?
But is it okay then to put the noun at the beginning?
Aaaah ok I understand now the difference! Thank you Sensei(つ✧ω✧)つ
This is actually the omission of the は particle in casual speech, and it is not a noun modification, it’s a statement!
隠し通路は、 七番街スラムまでつながってるの (This secret passage connects to ~)
If we wanted to have a statement without a verb, that would be just like in your lesson
七番街スラムまでつながってる隠し通路の (The secret passage connecting to ~)
Thank you, I think I understand the slight difference!
Right.
If you modify a noun, 隠し通路 with 七番街スラムまでつながってる
You say 七番街スラムまでつながってる隠し通路
Hello Maggie-sensei!
My homework has two example sentences that have confused me, and I was hoping you could help me? Even though these sentences describe the past, the text uses ですinstead of でした。I can’t figure out why…
The sentences are here:
私は小さい時よく食べたものはチョコレートやアイスクリームです。
When I was small, the things that I often ate are(were?) chocolate and ice cream.
あまり食べなかったものは野菜です。
The thing that I hardly ate is(was?) vegetables.
As an English speaker, I would want to include the version in the parenthesis, but is it more natural to use です in Japanese here?
This web page was published in 2017, but I’d be grateful if you can help me. ;;u;;
Hi Rachel
The literal translation is:
私は小さい時よく食べたものはチョコレートやアイスクリームです。
When I was small, the things that I often ate “ARE” chocolate and ice cream.
あまり食べなかったものは野菜です。
The thing that I hardly ate “IS” vegetables.
Let me write questions, too.
小さい頃によく食べたものはなんですか？
= What are the things you used to eat when you were small.
あまり食べなかったものはなんですか？
= What are the things that you didn’t eat so much?
When you describe something that you did in past, you can use です
Ex.これは去年買った時計です。
= This is the watch that I bought last year.
Ex. 彼にもらった時計はこれです。
= The watch that I got from him is this one.
I think you understand why you use です here because you are talking about the object, a watch, which is in front of you.
You can use the same idea when you describe something intangible, such as memories, idea, issue, etc.
Maggie sensei, thanks a lot for the article. I have a question. What is the role of particle の in this sentence. please help me.
どんな仕事につくのですか。
ありがとうございました、先生。
You may want to check this lesson. How to use ん
どんな仕事につきますか？
→の has a function to emphasize the meaning. Therefore, you show more interests by using の
どんな仕事につくのですか？
→(casual) どんな仕事につくんですか？
Hello Maggie sensei, thank for your detailed explanation.
My question is what is “relative clause” form of the sentences with “desu”
For example : “This book explains `what relative clasue is` ”
Thank you for advance.
Hi Burak,
How about
〜か説明している／〜ということを説明している。
This books explains what you need to improve your Japanese.
その本は何が日本語上達のために必要か（ということを）説明している。
or
その本は何が日本語上達のために何が必要か（ということを）説明している。
It
Maggie sensei,
説明して下さって有難うがおざいました。
(私が書いた物わ違うだったら直して頂けませんか)
Sure!
説明して下さって有難うがおざいました。→説明してくださって有難うございました。
(私が書いた物わ違うだったら直して頂けませんか)→私が書いた文章（ぶんしょう）が違っていたら直していただけませんか。or 私が書いた文章に間違いがあったら直していただけませんか？
Hello sensei
Question.
In 「 私はもうすこし ( 日本語がかんたんな本) がいいです。」the relative clause is the one inside () or should I include もう少し? I was told that the relative clause is only 日本語がかんたんな and it modifies 本 but I thought a clause should have a verb?
Hi Shin
もうすこし modifies かんたんな →もうすこし簡単な a little easier
You may understand better if you translate it literally in English.
I prefer a book “which Japanese is a little easier”
Hello, I have question!
What do we do when there’s more than one verb modifying the noun? Example: The book that I bought and read is very interesting.
Do we use the て form for the first verb and conjugate the last one or do we conjugate both of them?
買って読んだ本は凄くおもしろい。
買った、読んだ本は凄くおもしろい。
Which one is correct?
Thank you.
Hi Will!
Yes, you can connect two verbs with te-form
買って読んだ本は凄くおもしろい。
Thank you!
But then, another doubt came up: what if the tenses of the verbs are different?
How would the following sentence be in Japanese?
The rain that is ‘pouring’down and which ’caused’ a blackout is scary.
Would we still use the te-form in this case?
This sentence may not sound natural but it is possible to connect the verbs with te-form
激しく降って停電を起こした雨は怖い
I see, it indeed sounds a bit unnatural. I thought that in cases where the verbs have different tenses, we wouldn’t be able to use the te-form.
Thank you very much
When you connect two verbs you use te-form.
買って帰る →past tense 買って帰った
読んで捨てる→past tense 読んで捨てた
作って食べる→past tense 作って食べた
The same rule applies when you modify a noun.
Ex. 一度読んで捨てた新聞
一度読んで捨てた modifies 新聞
The newspaper which I read once and threw away.
You use this in a sentence like
一度読んで捨てた新聞をまた拾って読んだ。
こんばんはマギー先生！
I have some questions please:
1. Ex. 先週、飲み会で会った人が忘れならない。
can we use を after 人？
２． If I want to say, forget it.
Can I say これを忘れて？ or これが忘れて？
I’m confused.
3. If I want to say, “my friend went to a birthday party that I didn’t want to go”
How to say this according to this lesson?
Thanks in advance.
おはよう！
1. Possible. Yes, you can use を
Since 忘れられない is potential form so you tend to use が
2. I would say このことは忘れて / If you are talking about what you just said, 今言ったことは忘れて
(Not other thing but this one: Showing the contrast)
2. 友達は、私が行きたくなかったパーティーに行った。
Hi, Sniff-sensei, Maggie-sensei! Could you help me out with this question? Which particles can be used in a relative clause? This might sound weird but I’m having trouble. I believe this example is valid:
“その犬と見つけてしまった魚が好き”
It could translate both to “I like the fish that I accidentally found with that dog” or “I like that dog and the fish that I accidentally found”, no?
This one as well:
“あなたも笑っているときを楽しむ”
It could translate as “I enjoy when you are also laughing” or “You also enjoy the time when you’re laughing”, no?
Pardon my clumsy examples but I think you can understand my doubt.
If と and も both can be used inside relative clauses, is there a hint to find out how it’s being used in the sentence?
Thank you very much for all your lessons!, they are very in-depth.
Hi Azul!
“その犬と見つけてしまった魚が好き”
(見つけてしまった is used when you happen to find something by mistake)
その犬と見つけた魚が好き
I like the fish that I found with that dog.
“あなたも笑っているときを楽しむ”
The sentence itself is not natural but the meaning is
You also enjoy the time you laugh.
But why? I still don’t understand. I guess in the first case, if I wanted to say that I like both “that dog” and “the fish that I found out”, I could say “見つけた魚とその犬が好き”. But what about the second case? Since the sentence I wrote is not natural, I think there is no point asking further about it, but do you have an example where も is being used in a relative cause? Or it can’t be used in a relative clause?
Maybe the sentence itself is difficult to understand.
But I guess 見つけた魚とその犬が好き can be I like the fish I found and the dog.
It will be more clear if you say
見つけた魚もその犬も好き
I like both the fish that I found and the dog.
**
You can use も in a relative clause.
彼も好きなアイスクリームを買った。
= I bought the ice cream which he also likes.
But couldn’t the sentence 彼も好きなアイスクリームを買った。 also mean “he also bought an ice cream he likes”, depending on the context? I just want to make sure, even though that might be obvious. Thank you for your patience.
Ahh OK, that’s right. It could also mean “He also bought his favorite ice cream!
Let me add the subject to make it clear
“私は”彼も好きなアイスクリームを買った。
OK, I will give you more examples with も
（私は）マギー先生も持っているドレスがほしい。
= I want a dress which Maggie Sensei also has.
（私は）父もよく行っていた店に立ち寄った。
= I stopped by the store where my father also used to go.
おはよう！
本当にありがとう
I understand now^^
I just want to thank you, Maggie. :D
You helped me a lot, and I hope I have not annoyed you too much.
My pleasure! 💕
Sorry for bothering, But I still don’t get it.
In a sentence like:
彼女のために命を犠牲にする覚悟もある。
(I am ready even to sacrifice my life for her sake)
How can you refer to the part 彼女のために (for her sake) in a claus.
For example:
What if I ruin the girl who you would secrifice your life for.
????
Could you help me, because I’ve been wandering on the net for while now looking for an answer but I couldn’t find any.
Again, my question is how to refer to any part of a sentence in a clause.
If you answered my question than I could smile and say ‘yes, my life has become perfect’
Thanks in advance
@Robert
I am not sure if I can make your smile yet because I don’t get your question well but…
“彼女のために命を犠牲にする覚悟” もある。
So The main structure is
（私には）〜覚悟もある
= I am even ready
You just have to know what modifies 覚悟 (In this case the whole sentence before 覚悟)
1) First you see this pattern
* someoneのために + verb
= to do something for someone/for someone’s sake
In this case 犠牲にする ( = to sacrifice) is a verb
彼女のために(命を)犠牲にする = to sacrifice (my life) for her
2) the next step.
The sentence 1) modifies a noun, 覚悟 (being mentally ready for something big)
“彼女のために命を犠牲にする”覚悟”
being ready to sacrifice my life for her.
****
Q: I ruin the girl who you would sacrifice life for.
(私は）あなたが命を犠牲にしてもいいと思っている女の子をだめにする
If you meant “I ruin the girl who I would sacrifice for”?
(私は）命を犠牲にしてもいいと思っている女の子をだめにする。
This is cheating Maggie because you have removed the 覚悟もある part :D
??? What do you mean I removed 覚悟もある. Maybe you didn’t see that line… I will move it to the beginning of the comment then.
Anyway,
The main structure : 私には〜覚悟がある I am even ready for ~ / I even made up my mind ~
The rest modifies 覚悟 (resolution)
I meant in the sentence あなたが命を犠牲にしてもいいと思っている女の子をだめにする.
You don’t use 覚悟 but てもいいと思っている
I see. But your original sentence doesn’t have a word for “make up one’s mind / to be prepared”.
Q: I ruin the girl who you would sacrifice life for.
“would sacrifice one’s life” is 命を犠牲にしてもいいと思う
If you want to use 覚悟
私はあなたが命を犠牲にする覚悟がある女の子をだめにする
Either way, “ruin girl” sounds a bit strange.
Hello, Maggie.
I would like to thank you for all the time that you spent bothering answering my questions. They’ve really helped me. Thanks a lot.
;D
Maggie先生! Please teach me how to use relative clauses in japanese with い and な adjectives.
I tried to wrote some pharses.
どのおまちゃが新しいですか 新しいのはこのおまちゃです
どのスーポツをやりたいですか やりたいのはサーカスです
＠Caio
I think this lesson will answer your question.
How to use の
Your sentences are good except
新しいのはこのおまちゃです→おもちゃ (spelling)
Hi, maggie.
My question is if there is any way to make sure what you want to refer to when modifying a noun.
Because as long as I know a noun like this:
書いているペン
might mean: “the pen I’m writing with” or it might mean: ” the pen I’m painting”.
Ok, I know that there aren’t many people who paint a pen, but the imagination and the creativity of an artist know no bounds. ;)
So I am interested if there is any method to make sure wich one is the correct meaning.
@Robert-again
Hi Robert,
First if you write something you use kanji 書く and if you draw something you use the kanji 描く
You can usually tell the meaning by the context.
Let’s see..
Ex. 1) これは私が描いているペンです。
= This is a pen that I am drawing with./ I have been drawing with.
Ex. 2) これは私が描いているペンです。
= This is a pen that I have been drawing.
You may hear 1) but it is not clear even for native speakers.
So you may change the verb 使っている and say
これは私が使っているペンです
今、使っているペン
When you are talking about the finished picture.
Ex.3) これは私が描いたペンです。
= this is the pen I draw a picture with.
= this is a pen that I drew.
If you are talking about a pen, you need a word picture
Ex. これは私がこの絵を描いたペンです。
= This is a pen that I drew this picture with.
Hi Maggie,
I’m sorry for disturbing you again, but I have a question.
How can I say that: ‘I find the wall I am standing in front of beautiful’
Am I right to think, that it is:
ぼくは前に立っている壁が美しいと思う
@Robert
Hi Robert,
I would say
僕が立っている前にある壁は美しいと思う。
Hello Maggie,
How do you say in japanese a sentence like ‘The pinecake I have written about is at my grandma’s place where I’ve just come from’.
Thanks in advance
@orbert
I am not sure what you meant “pinecake”. All this time I thought it was a Japanese English.
“Pinecake” as in ”pineapple cake”? If so パインケーキ or パイナップルケーキ
Or you meant “pancake” パンケーキ?
And “just come from” means you used to live there but left there just recently?
私が書いた”pinecake”は、私がこの間まで住んでいた祖母の家のです。
Or if your gradma used to make “pinecake” then,
私が書いた”pinecake”は、私がこの間まで住んでいた祖母の家で作っていたものです。
Yes, yes thanks. Sorry for not being exact, but I had been sure, that there existed such a word as pinecake. I’m not a native speaker so I can be wrong about the grammer and some words sometimes.
Thanks, anyway.
@robert
OK! :)
Then just use the pattern that I wrote in the previous comment.
Maggie sensei おはようございます！
いつもの通り、役に立つレッスンでありがとうございました！
I would like to ask you about some patterns that make a verb-ending modifier clause into a noun itself. For example:
午前8時から営業しているはずの銀行に行ってきます。
I’m going to the bank it’s supposed to be open from 8 AM.
そちらの使わないで見ているだけのパソコンは妹のです。
The PC I’m not using but I’m just looking that is over there is my syster’s PC.
Are those sentences grammatically correct? (I don’t even dare to expect them to be “natural” for a native speaker). Is の correct after “noun-transforming” particle like はず、つもり、予定、だけ and so on? About べき、does it need の too if it modifies a noun?
Thank you so much!
@Daniele
こんにちは、Daniele
OK, right. I wouldn’t say your sentences are natural but grammatically OK.
You can use
verb + だけ・はず・つもり・予定＋の+ noun
同じ教室で勉強するだけの関係
払ったはずの請求書（せいきゅうしょ）が来た。
後から会う予定の
As for べき, you don’t need の
やるべきことが多すぎる (You don’t need の）
How do you say in japanese a sentence like: “I will get up from the chair that I have been sitting on”
So my question is; how can you make completely sure where the noun after the verb comes from, I mean where it would belong, if it was inside of a regular sentence, for example with the particle “de” you can indicate that something is utilised to do something, but when you put the noun wich has originally the particle “de” after the verb how can you let the one you’re speaking to know that the noun refers to the object you use?
Thanks for any answer (because I’ve been looking for this for months) in advance
@robert horvath
I will get up from the chair that I have been sitting on” in Japanese is
座っていた椅子から立ちあがる(= Suwatte ita isu kara tachiagaru)
I have been sitting on the chair
椅子に座っていた ( = isu ni suwatte ita)
→modifies a chair
座っていた椅子 (= suwatte ita isu )
to get up from the chair
椅子から立ち上がる= isu kara tachi agaru
all together
座っていた椅子から立ち上がる= Suwatte ita isu kara tachiagaru.
If you want to add the length of time when you have been sitting, for example “for a while”
ずっと座っていた椅子から立ち上がる
****
You don’t use で when you sit on a chair
椅子に座る= Isu ni suwaru
But when you get up from the chair, you just use a particle “from=”から” “
ありがとうございます！もっと明確にしていただきました!
＠Daniele
どういたしまして、Daniele!
”去年、家族と行ったホテルは最高だった”は同じ意味ですか？
での代わりにとを使えますか？
＠Luke Yarabe
はい、「家族と〜」ということもできます。
家族と〜する
家族と = to do something “with my family”
家族で = to do something in a group of “family”
ありがとう,Sniff先生！
@泉水
Sniff先生 says どういたしまして！
m(_ _)m arigatou!
@viscocent
Dou itashimashite! :)
ありがとう,Sniff先生！
@kevs
どういたしまして！！