時間 ( = jikan) : Time Related Japanese Part 2

Cookie : 「ねえ、もう朝の５時だよ！起きて、起きて！」

= Nee, mou asa no goji dayo! Okite, okite!

= Hey, it’s already five in the morning. Wake up, already!

Hi everyone! I am Cookie.

僕は早起きです。(= Boku wa hayaoki desu. )  I am an early riser.

There is an old saying in Japanese

:u:

早起きは三文の徳 ( = Hayaoki wa sanmon no toku.) = The early bird catches the worm.

I hope I can get extra dog treats as a reward for getting up early. (^з<)

Today’s lesson is for beginners. I will teach you “time” related words and expressions.

 

Maggie sensei once made a lesson on 時の日本語(=Toki no nihongo). In this lesson I will just focus on how to tell time in Japanese.

First “time” in Japanese is

:u:

  時間 = じかん= jikan

Note: 時間 ( = jikan) also has a meaning of “hour(s)“

★Telling time in Japanese

In English, 3:20 is “three twenty”.

You just say two numbers,  “3” = three, and “20”.= twenty.

In Japanese, you have to say 3時20分= sanji nijuppun

3+ 時 ( = ji) = hour and 20 + 分 ( = pun) = minutes.

 number 時+ number 分 ( + number 秒)

=number – ji + + number-fun/bun  ( + number + byou)

=number – hour + number –minutes + number –seconds

  hour : number + 時(=ji)

*1:00 = 一時= １時 = いちじ= ichi-ji

*2:00 = 二時= ２時 = にじ= ni-ji

*3:00 = 三時= ３時 = さんじ= san-ji

*4:00 = 四時= ４時 = よじ= yo-ji

*5:00 = 五時= ５時 = ごじ= go-ji

*6:00 = 六時= ６時 =ろくじ=  roku-ji

*7:00 = 七時= ７時 = しちじ／ななじ= shichi-ji / nanaji

*8:00 = 八時= ８時 = はちじ = hachi-ji

*9:00 = 九時= ９時 =くじ＝  ku-ji

*10:00 = 十時= １０時 =じゅうじ= juu-ji

*11:00 =十一時= １１時 = じゅういちじ= juuichi-ji

*12:00 = 十二時= １２時 = じゅうにじ= juuni-ji

Now I think you all know how to count in Japanese but when you tell time, you only use certain way of reading

(Ex. You read 4 as “よん=yon” “よ=yo” or “し=shi” but when you tell time, you read it “よ=yo”.

 四時= ４時=よじ= yoji = 4:00

And you read 9:00 as く(=ku) not “きゅう=kyuu” 

  九時=９時=くじ= kuji = 9:00

  minutes : number + 分 (fun/pun)

The way you read 分 is ふん (=fun), ぷん (=pun) or っぷん (=ppun)

*1分 =いっぷん=  ippun = one minute

*2分 =にふん= ni-fun = two minutes

*3分 =さんぷん = san-pun = three minutes

*4分 =よんぷん = yon-pun = four minutes

*5分 = ごふん= go-fun = five minutes

*6分 = ろっぷん=  roppun = six minutes

*7分 = ななふん= nana-fun = seven minutes

*8分 = はっぷん= happun = eight minutes

*9分 =きゅうふん=  kyuu-fun = nine minutes

*******
*10分 = じっぷん（じゅっぷん)= jippun ( juppun) = ten minutes

*20分 =にじっぷん(じゅっぷん)=  nijippun( nijuppun0 = twenty minutes

*30分 =さんじっぷん（さんじゅっぷん）=  sanjippun(sanjuppun) =thirty  minutes

*40分 = よんじっぷん（よんじゅっぷん）=yonjippun( yonjuppun)= forty minutes

*50分 =ごじっぷん（ごじゅっぷん） = gojippun (gojuppun)= fifty minutes

*60分 = ろくじっぷん(ろくじゅっぷん)= rokujippun (rokujuppun)= sixty minutes

Ex. 55分 = ごじゅうごふん= gojuugo-fun = fifty minutes

Ex. 41分 =よんじゅういっぷん=  younju ippun = fort-one minutes

Ex. 32分 =さんじゅうにふん=  sanjuuni-fun = thirty-two minutes

 

Note: Again pay attention to the way you read the number. (4時 = yoji but 4分 = yon pun, etc.)
Also 分 can be read ふん ( = fun)、ぷん ( = pun)、っぷん ( = pun)

How to read 10分 correctly :

It is said that the correct way of  reading  10分 is じっぷん(=jippun) and TV or radio announcers are supposed to read it じっぷん（=jippun) as well. But in conversation, many people use じゅっぷん(=juppun)

  second(s): number + 秒=びょう= byou

*1秒 =いちびょう=  ichi-byou = one second

*2秒 =にびょう= ni-byou = two seconds

*3秒 =さんびょう=  san-byou = three seconds

*5秒 = ごびょう= go-byou = five seconds

*6秒 =ろくびょう=  roku-byou = six seconds

*7秒 = ななびょう= nana-byou = seven seconds

*８秒 = はちびょう= hachi-byou = eight seconds

*９秒 = きゅうびょう= kyuu-byou = nine seconds

*10秒 =じゅうびょう=  juu-byou = ten seconds

************************************************************

When you describe the length / duration of time, you add 間 ( = kan)

*10秒間 = じゅうびょうかん=juubyoukan = for 10 seconds / 10 seconds

*３分間 = さんぷんかん=for three minutes/ three minutes

*５時間 =ごじかん= gojikan = for five hours / five hours

Ex.カップヌードルにお湯を入れて３分間待ちます。

= Kappu nuudoru ni oyu wo irete sanpunkan machimasu.

= Add boiling water to a portion of Cup Noodles and  wait for three minutes.

Ex. マレーシアまでの飛行時間は8時間３０分です。

＝ Mareishia made no hikoujikan wa hachijikan sanjuppun desu.

= The flight for Malaysia is 8 hours and 30 minutes.

Ex.２時間３分１０秒

= nijikan sanpun juubyou

= two hours three minutes and ten seconds

  How to tell a time

Ex. 今、何時ですか？

= Ima, nanji desu ka?

= What time is it now?
:u:
(casual)

Ex. 今、何時？

= Ima, nanji?

= What time is it now?

Ex. 今、３時です。

= Ima, sanji desu.

= It’s three o’clock now.

Ex. ５時です。

= Goji desu.

= It’s five o’clock

Ex. ６時３０分です。

= Rokuji sanjuppun desu.

= It’s six thirty.

Note: We also say ３０分 ( = sanjuppun) as 半 ( = han)  “a half”

6:30 = 6時半 = roku-ji han

*1:05 (= ichiji gofun)

You can also say １時５分過ぎ ( = ichiji gofun sugi) Five past one.

*2:10 =２時１０分 ( = niji juppun)

２時１０分過ぎ ( = Niji juppun sugi) Ten past two

*7:50 = ７時５０分 =  ( = shichiji gojuppun / nanaji gojuppun)

８時１０分前 = hachiji juppun mae = Ten to eight

*2:45 = ２時４５分 = niji yonjuugofun

３時１５分前 = sanji juugofun mae = a quarter to three

Note: It is pretty common to use 24-hour notation in Japan. (Especially in written form).

Instead of *5:00 PM→you’ll say, 17:00 ( = juunanaji or goji)

Instead of *08:00 PM →you’ll say, 20:00 ( = nijuuji or hachiji)

*午前 = gozen = in the morning, a.m, AM, A.M.

*午後 = gogo = in the afternoon, p.m. PM, P.M.

Ex. 午前８時 = gozen hachiji = 8:00 AM

Ex. 午後６時 = gogo rokuji = 6:00 PM

 !onpu! How to say 12:00 and 24:00/0:00

*12:00 = juuniji or 正午=shougo = noon / 昼の１２時 = hiru no juuniji

*00:00 = 零時= reiji /  午前０時= gozen reiji ／正子=shoushi (not so common)

/ 夜中の１２時 = yonaka no juuniji

 !yflower! Time ( + の(=no) )+ noun

*朝 = asa = morning

Ex. 朝の６時= asa no rokuji = six in the morning

*昼 = hiru = daytime/ afternoon

  polite お昼 = ohiru

*夜 = yoru = night/ evening

Ex. 夜の１０時= yoru no juuji = ten in the evening

**************

Ex. １０時の新幹線に乗った。

= Juuji no shinkansen ni notta.

= I took the ten o’clock (shinkansen) bullet train

Ex.午前11時の飛行機

= Gozen juuichiji no hikouki

=  The 11 a.m. flight

Ex. ９時の電車に乗る。

= Kuji no densha ni noru.

= to take the 9 o’clock train.

 

:purple: at = に ( = ni)

Ex. 明日の午後５時に会議があります。

= Ashita no gogo goji ni kaigi ga arimasu.

= I have a meeting at 5pm tomorrow.

Ex. 夜8時半に駅前で待ち合わせしよう。

= Yoru hachiji han ni ekimae de machiawase shiyou.

= Let’s get together at 8:30 in front of the station.

 :qq: When you emphasize the time には ( = niwa)

Ex. 毎朝、６時には、起きます。

= Maiasa, rokuji niwa,  okimasu.

= I get up at six every morning.

Ex. 今日は疲れているから１１時には寝たい。

= Kyouwa tsukarete iru kara juuichiji niwa netai.

= I am so tired today that I want to go to bed at (by)  eleven o’clock.

 :jjj: from = から ( = kara)

Ex. 今日の12時からチケットが発売される。

= Kyou no juuniji kara chiketto ga hatsubai sareru.

= They will start to sell tickets from twelve today.

Ex. 「嵐にしやがれ」は何時から始まるの？

= “Arashi ni shiyagare” wa nanji kara hajimaru no?

= What time does it start (the TV show) “Arashi ni shiyagare”?

 :yy: until = まで （迄） ( = made)

Ex. 今朝は１１時まで寝ていた。

= Kesa wa juuichiji made nete ita.

= I slept until eleven today.

Ex. あの店は９時から１７：００まで開いています。

= Ano mise wa kuji kara goji made aite imasu.

= That store is open from nine to five.

 :n: by = までには ( = madeniwa)

Ex. 明日の３時までには仕事を終わらせないといけない。

= Asu (Ashita) no sanji madeniwa shigoto wo owarasenai to ikenai.

= I have to finish my work by three tomorrow.

 :kkk: around = 頃 = goro / 位  = gurai/ kurai

Ex. 彼はいつも１時頃にやってきます。

= Kare wa itsumo ichijigoro ni yatte kimasu.

= He always come around one.

Ex. ３時位には迎えにきます。

= Sanji gurai niwa mukae ni kimasu.

= I will pick you (or someone) up around three.

 :k: past = 過ぎ= sugi

Ex. ６時過ぎには家にいます。

= Rokuji sugi niwa ie ni imasu.

= I will be home after six.

Ex.もう８時過ぎだ。

= Mou hachiji sugida.

= It is already passed eight.

 :s: before = 前= mae

Ex. １０時前にはそちらに着きます。

= Juuji mae niwa sochira ni tsukimasu.

= I will be there before ten.

!yflower!after  = 後= go

Ex. １時間後に会いましょう。

=Ichijikan go ni aimashou.

= I will see you in an hour.

 !yflower! just = ちょうど = choudo

Ex. 今、５時ちょうどです。

= Ima, goji choudo desu.

= It’s five o’clock sharp.

  exactly = きっかり= kikkari

Ex. きっかり４時には伺います。

= Kikkari yoji niwa ukagaimasu.

or

４時きっかりには伺います。

= Yoji kikkari niwa ukagaimasu.

= I will be there 4:00 on the dot.

 :ii: on time, with punctuality = 時間通り= jikan doori

Ex. 電車は時間通りに横浜に着いた。

= Densha wa jikan doori ni Yokohama ni tsuita.

= The train arrived in Yokohama on time.

******************************
Other time related expressions

*to have time

= 時間がある = jikan ga aru

*not to have time

= 時間がない = jikan ga nai

Ex. 今日はあまり時間がないのでまた明日話しましょう。

= Kyou wa amari jikan ga nai node mata ashita hanashimashou.

= I don’t have much time today so let’s talk about it tomorrow.

Ex. 今、時間がありますか？

= Ima, ikan ga arimasu ka?

= Do you have time?

(casual)　 :u: 

Ex. 今、時間ある？

= Ima, jikan aru?

= You got time?

Ex. 時間はたっぷりあるのにお金がない。

= Jikan wa tappuri aru noni okane ga nai.

= I have plenty of time but no money.

*to take time = 時間がかかる = jikan ga kakaru

Ex. ハワイから日本まで飛行機で９時間位かかります。

= Hawai kara nihon made hikouki de kujikan gurai kakarimasu.

= It takes nine hours from Hawaii to Japan by airplane.

Ex. 家から学校まで３０分かかります。

= Ie kara gakkou made sanjuppun kakarimasu.

= It takes 30 minutes from my house to school.

Ex. 会社から駅までどの位かかりますか？

= Kaisha kara eki made donogurai kakarimasu ka?

= How long does it take to get from your company to the station?

Ex. 家まで歩いて、何分かかる？

= Ie made nanpun kakaru?

= How long does it take to get to your house on foot?

Ex. 大体、１０分ぐらいかかります。

= Daitai, juppun gurai kakarimasu.

= It takes about 10 minutes.

Ex.そこまで自転車で行くと何時間かかりますか？

= Sokomade jitensha de iku to nanjikan kakarimasu ka?

= If I go there by bike, how long will it take?

*to pass time = 時間が経つ = jikan ga tatsu

Ex. 時間が経ったら楽になるでしょう。

= Jikan  ga tattara raku ninaru deshou.

= It will pass with time.

  For literal expression, you use 時 = toki = (the concept of) time/ time in general

Ex. 時が経つのは早いもの

= Toki ga tatsu no wa hayai mono.

= Time flies.

Ex. 時は金なり

= Toki wa kane nari.

= Time is money.

マギー先生より = Maggie Sensei yori= From Maggie Sensei

Cookie先生はいつも早起きだよね。

= Cookie sensei wa itsumo hayaoki dayone.

= Cookie Sensei always gets up early.

でもゆかりがかわいそうだからもう少し寝せてあげてね。

***

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= Demo Yukari ga kawaisou dakara mousukoshi nesete agetene.

= But I feel sorry for Yukari so please let her sleep a little more.